Dietary Supplementation of Inulin Ameliorates Subclinical Mastitis via Regulation of Rumen Microbial Community and Metabolites in Dairy Cows

Abstract

The correlation between mastitis and the gastrointestinal microbiome in dairy cows has been demonstrated. Regulating the profile of rumen microorganisms may contribute to remission of subclinical mastitis (SCM).

Changes in the Profile of Fecal Microbiota and Metabolites as Well as Serum Metabolites and Proteome After Dietary Inulin Supplementation in Dairy Cows With Subclinical Mastitis

“…In the current study, inulin consumption increased the Bacteroides phyla and decreased the Firmicutes phyla in the feces, which was consistent with the response of rumen microflora after inulin treatment in our previous study ( Wang et al, 2021a ). At the genus level, increased Bifidobacterium , Lachnospiraceae_NK3A20_group , as well as decreased Coprococcus and Ruminococcaceae abundances, were also identified in both feces and rumen ( Wang et al, 2021a ), suggesting several commonly modulated microbiomes between rumen and feces of dairy cows. Bacteria in the gastrointestinal tract can migrate to other niches via blood circulation ( Berg, 1995 ; Samanta et al, 2013 ; Young et al, 2015 ).…”

“…The Bacteroidetes phylum and several Firmicutes phylum produced propionate primarily via the succinate pathway, and butyrate was also a main product of the Firmicutes phylum ( Louis et al, 2014 ). Increased propionate and butyrate levels in the inulin groups were also observed in the rumen ( Zhao et al, 2014 ; Tian et al, 2019 ; Wang et al, 2021a ). Thus, in the present study, the increased norank_f_norank_o__Bacteroidales and Alistipes ( Shkoporov et al, 2015 ) in Bacteroidetes phylum might be the main contributors to the increase in propionate.…”

“…Our previous study found that inulin supplementation increased propionate- and butyrate-producing bacteria (e.g., Prevotella and Butyrivibrio ) and several beneficial commensal bacteria (e.g., Muribaculaceae and Bifidobacterium ), and suppressed several proinflammatory bacteria (e.g., Clostridia_UCG-014 , Streptococcus , and Escherichia–Shigella ) in the rumen. Meanwhile, the concentration of serum inflammatory cytokines, such as IL-6 and TNF-α, was also reduced ( Wang et al, 2021a ). These findings suggested an optimizing effect of inulin on the rumen microbiota, which may further affect the inflammatory symptoms in mammary gland.…”

The Rumen Microbiota Contributes to the Development of Mastitis in Dairy Cows

“…It has been suggested that the occurrence of mastitis in cows is associated with the development of SARA ( 9 ). In addition, SARA is a typical case model of rumen microflora disorder in cows, and changes in the rumen microbiota community may be associated with the development of cow mastitis ( 10 ). Recent studies have shown that the occurrence of mastitis is accompanied by changes in gut microbiota in dairy cows ( 11 ).…”

Calcium Propionate Supplementation Has Minor Effects on Major Ruminal Bacterial Community Composition of Early Lactation Dairy Cows

“…The rumen microbiome directly or indirectly contributes to animal production and is susceptible to changes in feed types and components of the diet ( Kataev et al, 2020 ). The profile of the rumen microbial community and the abundance of metabolites (including the rumen fermentation index) play key roles in the health status and production performance of dairy cows ( Wang et al, 2021b ). A better understanding of the changes of rumen microbial community compositions is crucial to invest the impact of calcium propionate feed additive in dairy cows.…”