Dietary Modified Cassava Chip and Corn Seed: Effect on Growth Performance, Rumen Production, and Blood glucose and Insulin in Early Fattening Beef Bulls

Abstract

Effects of feeding modified cassava chip and corn seed as energy source inclusion in diet were investigated on growth performance, rumen fermentation, and blood metabolites in early fattening bulls. Thirty-six 1-year-old Charolais crossbred bulls with initial weight 270 ± 50 kg were randomly assigned into 6 groups with different experimental rations as cassava-based concentrates including non-modified cassava chip (Cass-Con), with 15 % of alkaline-treated cassava chip (Cass-Alkaline), with 15 % of steam-treated cassava chip (Cass-Steam) and corn-based concentrates including non-modified corn seed (Corn-Con), with 15 % of alkaline-treated corn seed (Corn-Alkaline), and with 15 % of steam-treated corn seed (Corn-Steam), according to completely randomized design (CRD). Results showed that feed intake and digestibility were not significantly different among treatments, while digestible dry matter and organic matter intake of Cass-Steam and Corn-Alkaline were higher than those of the other diets (P < 0.05). Ruminal pH post-feeding was highest in Corn-Alkaline and lowest in Cass-Con (P < 0.05). Blood glucose was similar among treatments. However, blood insulin at 4 h post-feeding was higher in Cass-Steam, Corn-Alkaline, and Corn-Steam than in the others. Blood insulin in bulls fed corn-based concentrate was higher than in bulls fed cassava-based concentrate (P < 0.01). Body weight gain and average daily gain were significantly higher (P < 0.05), while feed conversion ratio was lower in Cass-Steam, Corn-Alkaline, and Corn-Steam as compared with in Cass-Con, Cass-Alkaline and Corn-Con. Results indicated that using a modified energy source can improve growth performance in early fattening beef bulls. An appropriate method to modify cassava chip was steam method, while alkaline method for corn seed was superior.

Ruminal Degradability and Bypass Nutrients of Alkaline or Steam-Treated Cassava Chip and Corn Grain

“…After that, the steamed corn grain and cassava chips were spread to a carpet for 48 h in room condition before drying in the oven at 60°C for 48 h and grinding through a 2-mm screen for use as a sample test. The method for NaOH treatment was prepared by a modified method of Srakaew et al (2021). The samples of corn grain, dried cassava chips, steamed corn grain, and steamed cassava chips were treated with 3.5% NaOH (35 g/kg).…”

Comparison of Cassava Chips and Winged Bean Tubers with Various Starch Modifications on Chemical Composition, the Kinetics of Gas, Ruminal Degradation, and Ruminal Fermentation Characteristics Using an In Situ Nylon Bag and an In Vitro Gas Production Technique

“…The cassava chips (CSC) were obtained from Khon Kaen University's animal feed factory, Department of Animal Science, Faculty of Agriculture, and WBT was provided by the Department of Agronomy, Faculty of Agriculture, Khon Kaen University, Thailand (16 • 26 48.16 N, 102 • 49 58.8 E). The steam treatment method followed the procedure of Srakaew et al [8]. The CSC and WBT were soaked in water for 12 h to increase moisture content before steaming at 100 • C for 45 min in a 2-tiered steam pot (20 cm high × 80 cm 2 in diameter) and sun-drying for 48 h until the moisture content was less than 10%.…”

“…The CSC and WBT were soaked in water for 12 h to increase moisture content before steaming at 100 • C for 45 min in a 2-tiered steam pot (20 cm high × 80 cm 2 in diameter) and sun-drying for 48 h until the moisture content was less than 10%. The NaOH treatment method followed the process of Srakaew et al [8]. The CSC and WBT were treated with a 3.5% NaOH solution at a ratio of 1:1 (vol/wt) for 24 h, followed by sun drying for 48 h. The CaOH 2 treatment method was taken from the procedure of Wanapat et al [15].…”

“…Usually, high proportions of carbohydrate sources are often used for high-producing ruminants to support high milk production and quick weight gain [8]. However, the rapid fermentation of high-carbohydrate feeds containing high starch causes a drop in ruminal pH and increases the risk of rumen acidosis [8].…”

“…Usually, high proportions of carbohydrate sources are often used for high-producing ruminants to support high milk production and quick weight gain [8]. However, the rapid fermentation of high-carbohydrate feeds containing high starch causes a drop in ruminal pH and increases the risk of rumen acidosis [8]. Therefore, more research has been done to find a suitable way of modulating the degradability of starch sources in the rumen and boosting feed efficiency by partially moving starch digestion to the small intestine [9,10].…”