Dietary Intake of Purple Corn Extract Reduces Fat Body Content and Improves Antioxidant Capacity and n‐3 Polyunsaturated Fatty Acid Profile in Plasma of Rainbow Trout, Oncorhynchus mykiss

Abstract

A study was conducted to determine the benefits of the intake of purple corn extract (PCE), a natural source of anthocyanins, in rainbow trout, Oncorhynchus mykiss. A control or test diet supplemented with 5% PCE was fed to triplicate tanks with 25 fish each for 8 wk. The concentrations of three anthocyanins, cyanidin-3-glucoside, pelargonidin-3-glucoside, and peonidin-3-glucoside, were measured in PCE. The chemical composition and fatty acid profiles of fish, as well as the fatty acid profiles in plasma, liver, and muscle were determined. The total antioxidant capacity (TAC) and the concentration of oxidative damage biomarkers, for example, protein carbonyls, 8-hydroxydeoxyguanosine, and thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS), were determined in plasma. Transcription of two antioxidant enzymes, glutathione peroxidase 1 (gpx1) and superoxide dismutase 1 (sod1), was measured in erythrocytes. Significant lower adiposity and significant higher percentage of total n-3 and total n-6 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) in the body of fish fed the test diet were detected. Significant higher plasma percentage of total n-3 PUFA, significant higher plasma TAC, and significant higher expression of gpx1 in erythrocytes of fish fed the test diet were measured. Overall, our results suggest potential protection against in vivo lipid peroxidation in fish fed the PCE supplemented diet. This is especially true due to detection of an enhanced antioxidant protection in plasma and erythrocytes in fish, the reduced adiposity and greater proportion of total n-3 and n-6 PUFA in the fish body, as well as a tendency toward lower TBARS plasma concentration in fish fed the test diet when compared to the control group.

Corn husk extracts as an antioxidant additive in diets for Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) fingerlings: Effect on growth performance, feed intake and toxicity//Extractos de hoja de mazorca de maíz como aditivo antioxidante en dietas para juveniles de tilapia del Nilo (Oreochromis niloticus): Efectos sobre el crecimiento, el consumo de alimento y la toxicidad

“…The use of extracts or meal from plants as feed additives for fish has intensified, due to their content of bioactive compounds such as PCs, which exhibit antioxidant properties (Catap et al, 2015;Villasante et al, 2015;Lizárraga-Velázquez et al, 2018;Lizárraga-Velázquez et al, 2019). Consequently, they could confer antioxidant capacity to the feed.…”

Acción de flavonoides sobre la conversión de ácidos grasos poliinsaturados de cadena larga a partir de ácidos grasos esenciales

“…Flavonoides y metabolismo de AGPI-CL Una vez que "la paradoja francesa" evidenció que el consumo de bebidas alcohólicas se asociaba con menor incidencia de enfermedades cardio y cerebro vasculares 46 , se atribuyó, al consumo de bebidas alcohólicas en humanos 47 , y etanol en ratas 48 , un efecto protector, mediado por el incremento de AGPI CL en diversos tejidos, postulándose que el etanol podía modificar la actividad enzimática de Δ5 y Δ6D, incidiendo en la síntesis de AGPI-CL 49 . Posteriormente, estudios epidemiológicos sugirieron que la ingesta de flavonoides incrementaba la conversión de AGPI n-3 EPA y DHA a partir de ALA 61 . Varios de estos estudios en humanos, animales y cultivos celulares se describen en la tabla 1.…”

“…Así mismo, se ha reportado que la inclusión de maíz morado en la dieta de truchas arcoíris, incrementa los niveles de AGPI n6 y n3 en el tejido corporal y el plasma, la capacidad antioxidante total (TAC) y la expresión de GPX-1. Por tanto, flavonoides como las antocianinas ejercerían un efecto protector contra la peroxidación lipídica 61 . A favor de la hipótesis de que los flavonoides también incrementan la concentración de los AGPI mediante la modificación de la actividad enzimática o la expresión génica de las enzimas Δ5 y Δ6D, se ha informado que el consumo de una infusión de Hibiscus sabdariffa restaura la actividad de Δ5 y Δ6D en ratas inducidas a Síndrome Metabólico, relacionando este efecto al elevado nivel de antioxidantes en la infusión 62 .…”

Effect of dietary intake of phenolic compounds from mango peel extract on growth, lipid peroxidation and antioxidant enzyme activities in zebrafish (Danio rerio)

“…Assessment of oxidative stress indicators in farmed fish can be used as an index of welfare and muscle quality of fish of commercial interest (Sicuro et al, 2010;Chulayo & Muchenje, 2015;Villasante et al, 2015). Analyses of oxidative stress indicators in different tissues can be performed to provide additional information about fish health (Poli, 2009).…”