Dietary fiber and body weight

Slavin, Joanne L.

doi:10.1016/j.nut.2004.08.018

Cited by 829 publications

(605 citation statements)

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“…Furthermore, various studies have demonstrated dietary fibre may enhance satiety and reduce appetite, thus helping to control subsequent food intake (4)(5)(6)10,11,45) . However, the mechanisms by which this may occur are not fully understood.…”

Section: Colonic Delivery Of Scfa To Investigate Appetite Effects Fomentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The need for strategies to prevent the rise in obesity is therefore becoming increasingly urgent. One strategy is to identify and develop foods that enhance satiety, thereby reducing subsequent energy intake (EI) (2,3) .SCFA have been suggested to have satiety-enhancing properties, with some researchers suggesting SCFA may explain the inverse association between dietary fibre intake and BW found in some observational studies (4)(5)(6)(7)(8)(9)(10)(11)(12)(13)(14)(15)(16) . This review considers the evidence for SCFA having a role in appetite regulation, starting first with the description of SCFA, followed by a discussion of the SCFA-activated receptors FFA receptor 2 (FFA2) and FFA receptor 3 (FFA3), which provide a rationale that SCFA may have a role in energy homeostasis.…”

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confidence: 99%

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Do SCFA have a role in appetite regulation?

2011

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The recently discovered SCFA-activated G-coupled protein receptors FFA receptor 2 and FFA receptor 3 are co-localised in L-cells with the anorexigenic 'ileal brake' gut hormone peptide YY, and also in adipocytes, with activation stimulating leptin release. Thus, SCFA such as acetate and propionate show promise as a candidate to increase satiety-enhancing properties of food. We therefore postulate SCFA may have a role in appetite regulation and energy homeostasis. SCFA can be delivered either directly within food, or indirectly via the colon by the provision of fermentable non-digestible carbohydrates. A review of studies investigating the effects of oral SCFA ingestion on appetite suggests that while oral SCFA ingestion is associated with enhanced satiety, this may be explained by product palatability rather than a physiological effect of SCFA. Colon-derived SCFA generated during microfloral fermentation have also been suggested to explain satiety-enhancing properties of non-digestible carbohydrates. However, findings are mixed from investigations into the effects of the prebiotic inulintype fructans on appetite. Overall, data presented in this review do not support a role for SCFA in appetite regulation.Acetate: Propionate: Acetic acid: Propionic acid: SCFA: Inulin: Oligofructose: Satiety Human subjects are living in an increasingly 'obesogenic' environment with easily accessed, energy dense foods and sedentary lifestyles. These 'obesogenic' factors can override homeostatic systems resulting in a gradual increase in the population body weight (BW) (1) . The need for strategies to prevent the rise in obesity is therefore becoming increasingly urgent. One strategy is to identify and develop foods that enhance satiety, thereby reducing subsequent energy intake (EI) (2,3) .SCFA have been suggested to have satiety-enhancing properties, with some researchers suggesting SCFA may explain the inverse association between dietary fibre intake and BW found in some observational studies (4)(5)(6)(7)(8)(9)(10)(11)(12)(13)(14)(15)(16) . This review considers the evidence for SCFA having a role in appetite regulation, starting first with the description of SCFA, followed by a discussion of the SCFA-activated receptors FFA receptor 2 (FFA2) and FFA receptor 3 (FFA3), which provide a rationale that SCFA may have a role in energy homeostasis. Finally, studies that have investigated the effects of orally and colonically delivered SCFA on appetite are reviewed. SCFASCFA are organic fatty acids generated in the colon when non-digestible carbohydrates (NDC) such as dietary fibre, resistant starch and inulin resist digestion and absorption in the small intestine, instead proceeding to the colon to undergo bacterial fermentation. The SCFA formed comprise between one and seven carbon units, with acetate (two carbon units) being the most predominant anion in the colon, followed by propionate (three carbon units) and then Abbreviations: AUC, area under curve; BW, body weight; DP, degree of polymerisation; EI, energy intake; GLP-1, glucago...

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Section: Colonic Delivery Of Scfa To Investigate Appetite Effects Fomentioning

confidence: 99%

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Do SCFA have a role in appetite regulation?

2011

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“…8 The role of individual dietary components has been the focus of considerable research in the field of obesity. [9][10][11] However, given the complexity of human diets, several authors have proposed to analyze dietary intakes as dietary patterns. [12][13][14] A factor analysis approach used to derive dietary patterns reduces the complexity of diets to a few important foods and has the ability to integrate complex and subtle interactive effects of many dietary exposures.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Associations between dietary patterns and obesity phenotypes

et al. 2009

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Objective: To examine whether dietary patterns are associated with obesity phenotypes. Design: Cross-sectional study. Subjects: We recruited 664 participants aged between 18 and 55 years. Dietary data were collected from a food frequency questionnaire. A factor analysis was performed to derive dietary patterns. Body mass index (BMI), weight and waist girth were recorded using standard procedures. Fat mass and fat-free mass were assessed by electrical bioimpedance. Obesity was defined as having a BMIX30 kg m À2 and a positive FHO (FHO þ ) as having at least one obese first-degree relative. Results: Two dietary patterns were identified; Western and Prudent. The Western pattern was mainly characterized by a higher consumption of refined grains, French fries, red meats, condiments, processed meats and regular soft drinks whereas the Prudent pattern was mainly characterized by a higher consumption of non-hydrogenated fat, vegetables, eggs and fish and seafood. Subjects in the top tertile of the Western pattern had higher BMI, weight, waist girth, waist-to-hip ratio and fat mass than those in the lower tertile. In contrast, subjects in the top tertile of the Prudent pattern had lower BMI, weight, waist girth, fat mass, HDL-cholesterol levels, and lower triglyceride levels than those in the lowest tertile. Individuals in the upper tertile of the Western pattern were more likely to be obese (obesity was defined as having a BMIX30 kg m À2 ) (OR ¼ 1.82, 95% CI 1.16-2.87) whereas those in the upper tertile of the Prudent pattern were less likely to be obese (OR ¼ 0.62, 95% CI 0.40-0.96). These latter significant associations were only observed among those with FHO þ . No such association was observed among FHOÀ individuals. Conclusion: Individuals having a high score of Western pattern were more likely to be obese and those having a high score of the Prudent pattern were less likely to be obese, and this is particularly among individuals with an FHO þ .

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“…Numerous studies have shown that viscous dietary fibre reduces low-density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol (Brown et al, 1999;Onning et al, 1999;Anderson et al, 2000) and improves glycaemic control in type II diabetes (Brennan, 2005). There is also increasing evidence that dietary fibre has also beneficial effects on long-term weight management (Slavin, 2005).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…However, the mechanisms to explain the effects of dietary fibre on these metabolic responses are not known. Dietary fibre consumption reduces feelings of hunger, increases feelings of fullness and promotes satiety (Sparti et al, 2000;Slavin, 2005), which suggests associations with the complex net of gut hormones regulating energy metabolism. Among these hormones, ghrelin, a peptide mainly produced and excreted in the stomach (Kojima et al, 1999), is of increasing interest.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Arabinoxylan consumption decreases postprandial serum glucose, serum insulin and plasma total ghrelin response in subjects with impaired glucose tolerance

Otto²,

et al. 2006

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Objective: Arabinoxylan (AX) consumption is associated with metabolic improvement during diabetes and with modulation of ghrelin, an orexigenic gut hormone. The effect of AX consumption on ghrelin secretion in disturbed metabolic states is unknown. Therefore, we investigated the postprandial responses to AX consumption of serum glucose, insulin and triglycerides and plasma total and acylated ghrelin in subjects with impaired glucose tolerance (IGT). Design: Randomized, single-blind, controlled, crossover intervention trial. Subjects: Seven female and four male adults with IGT, aged 55.5 years, and body mass index (BMI) 30.1 kg/m 2 . Intervention: Subjects received either placebo or 15 g AX supplement for 6 weeks with a 6-week washout period in-between. Main outcome measurements: Postprandial responses of serum glucose, insulin and triglycerides, and plasma total and acylated ghrelin after a liquid meal challenge test (LMCT) measured at the beginning and at the end of the dietary intervention at À20, À5, 0, 15, 30, 45, 60, 90, 120, 150, 180, 210 and 240 min. Results: After LMCT, AX consumption resulted in lower postprandial responses in serum glucose, insulin and triglycerides (Po0.05). Compared to placebo, total plasma ghrelin was also reduced by 4278 pg/ml (Po0.001) after AX consumption with no difference in plasma acylated ghrelin. Conclusion: AX consumption improved postprandial metabolic responses after an LMCT in subjects with IGT and reduced total ghrelin response. However, acylated ghrelin responses were unchanged, suggesting that the acylated ghrelin-mediated orexigenic regulation is not improved as only total plasma ghrelin decreased. Sponsorship: Federal Ministry of Education and Research Germany (PTJ-BIO/0313042C).

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Dietary fiber and body weight

Cited by 829 publications

References 47 publications

Do SCFA have a role in appetite regulation?

Do SCFA have a role in appetite regulation?

Associations between dietary patterns and obesity phenotypes

Arabinoxylan consumption decreases postprandial serum glucose, serum insulin and plasma total ghrelin response in subjects with impaired glucose tolerance

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