Arabinoxylan consumption decreases postprandial serum glucose, serum insulin and plasma total ghrelin response in subjects with impaired glucose tolerance

Abstract

Objective: Arabinoxylan (AX) consumption is associated with metabolic improvement during diabetes and with modulation of ghrelin, an orexigenic gut hormone. The effect of AX consumption on ghrelin secretion in disturbed metabolic states is unknown. Therefore, we investigated the postprandial responses to AX consumption of serum glucose, insulin and triglycerides and plasma total and acylated ghrelin in subjects with impaired glucose tolerance (IGT). Design: Randomized, single-blind, controlled, crossover intervention trial. Subjects: Seven female and four male adults with IGT, aged 55.5 years, and body mass index (BMI) 30.1 kg/m 2 . Intervention: Subjects received either placebo or 15 g AX supplement for 6 weeks with a 6-week washout period in-between. Main outcome measurements: Postprandial responses of serum glucose, insulin and triglycerides, and plasma total and acylated ghrelin after a liquid meal challenge test (LMCT) measured at the beginning and at the end of the dietary intervention at À20, À5, 0, 15, 30, 45, 60, 90, 120, 150, 180, 210 and 240 min. Results: After LMCT, AX consumption resulted in lower postprandial responses in serum glucose, insulin and triglycerides (Po0.05). Compared to placebo, total plasma ghrelin was also reduced by 4278 pg/ml (Po0.001) after AX consumption with no difference in plasma acylated ghrelin. Conclusion: AX consumption improved postprandial metabolic responses after an LMCT in subjects with IGT and reduced total ghrelin response. However, acylated ghrelin responses were unchanged, suggesting that the acylated ghrelin-mediated orexigenic regulation is not improved as only total plasma ghrelin decreased. Sponsorship: Federal Ministry of Education and Research Germany (PTJ-BIO/0313042C).

Gut microorganisms as promising targets for the management of type 2 diabetes

“…↓ glucose response area after the meal Bread containing 0, 6 or 12 g of AX 3 breakfasts on 3 days ↓ postprandial glycaemia, improvement in the insulin response [104] 15 individuals with type 2 diabetes; randomised crossover intervention Bread and muffins containing 14% AX for 5 weeks ↓ fasting glycaemia, ↓ glycaemia and insulinaemia 2 h post OGTT [105] 11 individuals with impaired glucose tolerance; single-blind, controlled, crossover intervention over 18 weeks 15 g AX supplied daily via bread and powder for 6 weeks, followed by a 6 week washout period ↓ fasting glycaemia, = insulin, After LMCT: ↓postprandial glycaemia, ↓ insulin [106,107] 15 healthy individuals; crossover intervention GIP, glucose-dependent insulinotropic polypeptide; LMCT, liquid meal challenge test; MCP-1; monocyte chemoattractant protein-1; = means no significant changes vs controls…”

Satiating Effects of Rye Foods

“…Effects on the hunger-related hormone ghrelin have been studied in response to wheat arabinoxylan intake. When 15 g/day of wheat arabinoxylan was consumed during a 6-wks period by participants with impaired glucose tolerance (n=15), total plasma ghrelin concentrations (4 h postprandial) were lowered in response to a standardised test meal by the end of the period (Garcia et al, 2007). Contradictory results were found after consumption of a wheat arabinoxylan-enriched (6 g) breakfast meal (Möhlig et al, 2005).…”

Macronutrients and type 1 diabetes (revision number 6)

“…Eleven randomised controlled trials were identified that presented evidence on isolated gums and gelling agents in relation to energy intake (Tredger et al, 1991;Haskell et al, 1992;Pasman et al, 1997b;Panlasigui et al, 2003;Marett & Slavin, 2004;Schwab et al, 2006;Garcia et al, 2007;Mattes, 2007;Pelkman et al, 2007;Wood et al, 2007;Paxman et al, 2008), seven of which were included in a meta-analysis (Tredger et al, 1991;Pasman et al, 1997b;Schwab et al, 2006;Garcia et al, 2007;Pelkman et al, 2007;Wood et al, 2007;Paxman et al, 2008). Four trials could not be included in metaanalysis but demonstrated no statistically significant effect of soluble fibre isolates on energy intake (Haskell et al, 1992;Panlasigui et al, 2003;Marett & Slavin, 2004;Mattes, 2007).…”

“…Nine randomised controlled trials were identified that presented evidence on isolated gums and gelling agents in relation to fasting blood glucose (Bell et al, 1990;Ryle et al, 1990;Landin et al, 1992;Pasman et al, 1997a;Marett & Slavin, 2004;Lehtimaki et al, 2005;Schwab et al, 2006;Wood et al, 2007;Garcia et al, 2007), eight of which were included in a meta-analysis (Bell et al, 1990;Ryle et al, 1990;Landin et al, 1992;Marett & Slavin, 2004;Lehtimaki et al, 2005;Schwab et al, 2006;Wood et al, 2007;Garcia et al, 2007). One trial could not be included in meta-analysis as it did not report the necessary data, but demonstrated no significant effect of soluble fibre isolates in relation to fasting blood glucose (Pasman et al, 1997a Fasting blood insulin A5.30.…”

“…One trial could not be included in meta-analysis as it did not report the necessary data, but demonstrated no significant effect of soluble fibre isolates in relation to fasting blood glucose (Pasman et al, 1997a Fasting blood insulin A5.30. Eight publications relating to seven randomised controlled trials were identified that presented evidence fibre isolates and gum supplements in relation to fasting insulin (Ryle et al, 1990;Landin et al, 1992;Pasman et al, 1997a;Marett & Slavin, 2004;Schwab et al, 2006;Garcia et al, 2006;Wood et al, 2007;Garcia et al, 2007). Two papers presented evidence from one trial (Garcia et al, 2006;Garcia et al, 2007).…”