Dietary Fat, Calories, and Mammary Gland Tumorigenesis

Welsch, Clifford W.

doi:10.1007/978-1-4684-7953-9_16

Cited by 25 publications

(13 citation statements)

References 102 publications

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“…Rodent studies consistently show that a high-fat diet promotes hyperproliferation in the mammary gland, and shortened latency and increased incidence of carcinogen-induced mammary tumours (195,196) . As noted above, the interpretation of these studies is complicated by greater adiposity and excess energy intake associated with the intake of high-fat diets.…”

Section: Diet and Breast Cancermentioning

confidence: 99%

Redefining the impact of nutrition on breast cancer incidence: is epigenetics involved?

2012

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Breast cancer incidence is rising worldwide with an increase in aggressive neoplasias in young women. Possible factors involved include lifestyle changes, notably diet that is known to make an impact on gene transcription. However, among dietary factors, there is sufficient support for only greater body weight and alcohol consumption whereas numerous studies revealing an impact of specific diets and nutrients on breast cancer risk show conflicting results. Also, little information is available from middle- and low-income countries. The diversity of gene expression profiles found in breast cancers indicates that transcription control is critical for the outcome of the disease. This suggests the need for studies on nutrients that affect epigenetic mechanisms of transcription, such as DNA methylation and post-translational modifications of histones. In the present review, a new examination of the relationship between diet and breast cancer based on transcription control is proposed in light of epidemiological, animal and clinical studies. The mechanisms underlying the impact of diets on breast cancer development and factors that impede reaching clear conclusions are discussed. Understanding the interaction between nutrition and epigenetics (gene expression control via chromatin structure) is critical in light of the influence of diet during early stages of mammary gland development on breast cancer risk, suggesting a persistent effect on gene expression as shown by the influence of certain nutrients on DNA methylation. Successful development of breast cancer prevention strategies will require appropriate models, identification of biological markers for rapid assessment of preventive interventions, and coordinated worldwide research to discern the effects of diet.

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Section: Diet and Breast Cancermentioning

confidence: 99%

Redefining the impact of nutrition on breast cancer incidence: is epigenetics involved?

2012

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“…A high level of physical activity during adolescence has been found to be protective against breast cancer, uq5 In animal studies, caloric restriction has been shown to reduce considerably the development of mammary tumors. 16 Case-control studies and prospective cohort studies have confirmed the existence of associations of the risk of developing breast cancer-either before or after menopause-with age at menarche lz and body stature) 8 In addition, these studies show a relation between overweight, as body mass index (wt/ht a) (BMI), and breast cancer risk, but only for breast cancers occurring after menopause. Besides the BMI, a high ratio of waist circumference divided by hip circumference (waist-to-hip ratio, or WHR) is associated with increased risk of postmenopausal breast cancer, suggesting that intraabdominal fat stores in particular are a risk factor) 9-~ Interestingly, however, there is no strong evidence for a positive association between a high BMI and breast cancer before menopause; on the contrary, results from a recent meta-analysis indicate that this association may even be weakly negative.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 98%

Nutrition, hormones, and breast cancer: Is insulin the missing link?

Kaaks¹

1996

Cancer Causes Control

315

216

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Breast cancer incidence rates are high in societies with a Western lifestyle characterized by low levels of physical activity, and by an energy-dense diet rich in total and saturated fat and refined carbohydrates. Epidemiologic studies, so far mostly on postmenopausal women, have shown that breast cancer risk is increased in hyperandrogenic women, with decreased levels of plasma sex-hormone binding globulin, and with increased levels of testosterone and of free estrogens. This paper describes the role of hyperinsulinemia as a physiologic link between nutritional lifestyle factors, obesity, and the development of a hyperandrogenic endocrine profile, and reviews evidence that may or may not support the theory that chronic hyperinsulinemia is an underlying cause of breast cancer. An hypothesis is presented, stipulating that breast cancer risk is increased not only in hyperandrogenic postmenopausal women, but also in premenopausal women with mild hyperandrogenism and normal (ovulatory) menstrual cycles. The author suggests further investigation as to whether there is a positive association between risk of breast cancer before menopause and subclinical forms of the polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS), and to what extent diet and physical activity during childhood, by modulating the degree of insulin resistance during adolescence, may or may not be determinants of a PCO-like hyperandrogenic endocrine profile persisting into adulthood.

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“…Various effects of dietary fish oils on human and ani mals, for example, the hypocholesterolemic and glucose tolerance effect, have been reported (4)(5)(6). These effects are thought to be dependent on their high concentra tion of (n-3) polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs), such as docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) and eicosapentaenoic acids (EPA).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Cecal Environment and TBARS Level in Mice Fed Corn Oil, Beef Tallow and Menhaden Fish Oil.

Kuda

Enomoto

Yano

et al. 2000

Journal of Nutritional Science and Vitaminology, J Nutr Sci Vit

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SummaryTo examine the dietary effects of three lipids from different sources on intes tinal conditions, diets containing 10% corn oil (CO), 1% corn oil+9% beef tallow (BT) or 1% corn oil+9% menhaden fish oil (MO) were administered to male mice for 4 wk. Levels of total cholesterol (TC), non-esterifide fatty acids (NEFA) and glucose in plasma were lower in mice fed on MO than in mice fed on CO or BT. The plasma phospholipid (PL) level was lower for mice fed MO than in mice fed BT. Levels of the thiobarbituric acid-reactive substances (TBARS), soluble saccharides and soluble proteins in the cecum were significantly higher in mice fed on MO than in mice fed on CO or BT. The number of fecal bacteroidaceae was lower in mice fed on MO than in mice fed on BT. On the other hand, the number of fecal bifidobac teria was greater in mice fed on MO than in mice fed on CO. These results suggest the possi bility that menhaden oil affects lower intestinal microfiora through the increase of not only oxide products but also saccharides and proteins in the intestine.

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Dietary Fat, Calories, and Mammary Gland Tumorigenesis

Cited by 25 publications

References 102 publications

Redefining the impact of nutrition on breast cancer incidence: is epigenetics involved?

Redefining the impact of nutrition on breast cancer incidence: is epigenetics involved?

Nutrition, hormones, and breast cancer: Is insulin the missing link?

Cecal Environment and TBARS Level in Mice Fed Corn Oil, Beef Tallow and Menhaden Fish Oil.

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