Dietary electrolyte balance for broiler chickens under moderately high ambient temperatures and relative humidities

Borges, Sebastião Aparecido; Silva, AV Fischer da; Ariki, J; Hooge, D. M.; Cummings, K. R.

doi:10.1093/ps/82.2.301

Cited by 104 publications

(76 citation statements)

References 6 publications

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“…Chloride supplementation and a decrease in DEB values from 283 mEq to 266 mEq did not affect dry matter content in excreta. Results are in general agreement with those reported by Borges et al (2003a), where high dietary content of chloride and decreased DEB values did not stimulate water intake. Slaughter analysis showed statistical effects only in breast meat and heart.…”

Section: Excreta Moisture Carcass and Meat Characteristicssupporting

confidence: 92%

“…Elevated dietary potassium levels and an increase in DEB from 214 mEq or 286 mEq to 319 mEq/kg increased breast meat yield. In contrast, Borges et al (2003a) did not report any significant effect of DEB on carcass yield, breast meat yield or other carcass indices. The sodium source in the diet, however, affected breast meat yield in broilers kept in a hot environment (Ahmad et al, 2005).…”

Section: Excreta Moisture Carcass and Meat Characteristicsmentioning

confidence: 58%

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The effect of different dietary potassium and chloride levels on performance and excreta dry matter in broiler chickens

Koreleski¹,

Świątkiewicz²,

Arczewska-Włosek³

2011

CZECH J ANIM SCI

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According to Mongin (1981), the value of dietary electrolyte balance (DEB) represents a difference in the sum of positive (Na + + K + ) and negative ion (Cl -) equivalents in the diet. High levels of potassium in diets based on plant components may complicate the determination of optimal DEB for broiler diets, because the potassium level is sometimes much higher than the K requirement of chickens. The dietary sodium level consistent with requirements of chickens may cause that the sum of both cations (K + Na) is relatively high and generates the need for relatively high supplementation of chloride.The effect of different potassium, sodium and chloride levels in the diet for chickens was investigated in a previous experiment (Koreleski et al., 2010(Koreleski et al., , 2011. Starter diets with higher potassium ABSTRACT: The aim of this 3 × 3 factorial experiment on broilers was to investigate the effect of different dietary levels of potassium and chloride on chicken performance, carcass composition and dry matter content in excreta. 360 one-day-old Ross 308 chickens were allocated to 9 groups, in 5 replications of 8 birds (4 ♂ and 4 ♀). Chickens from 1 to 42 days of age were kept in cages with wire floors to enable excreta collection, and were administered water and feed ad libitum. The basal starter (days 1-14) and grower (days 15-42) diet contained in 1 kg, as analysed, 2.11 g and 2.10 g chloride, 8.6 g and 7.8 g potassium and 2.04 g and 1.93 g sodium, respectively. Basal diets were supplemented with potassium and chloride containing, as analysed, 11.1 g or 10.6 g and 11.8 g or 11.9 g K and 2.95 g or 2.58 g and 3.16 g or 2.70 g/kg Cl, for the starter or grower periods of feeding, respectively. The sum of cations (K + Na) in diets used in the experiment ranged from 309 mEq to 390 mEq in the starter diet and from 283 mEq to 388 mEq/kg in the grower diet; the dietary electrolyte balance (DEB) values varied from 219 mEq to 331 mEq and from 207 mEq to 329 mEq/kg, respectively. During the starter feeding period the body weight gain (BWG) and feed conversion (FCR) were positively affected by increasing the chloride supplement and decrease of DEB values from 298 to 274 mEq/kg (P ≤ 0.001). In the grower period and throughout the feeding period, the positive effect of chloride supplementation on BWG and FCR was not confirmed but a negative effect of potassium was found out. The interaction between dietary levels of chloride and potassium found for BWG and FCR suggests a reciprocal relationship for both electrolytes. Dry matter in excreta was decreased when the K level in the diet was increased to 11.9 g/kg and DEB value to 319 mEq/kg (P ≤ 0.001) but breast meat yield (P ≤ 0.01) and relative mass of heart in carcass (P ≤ 0.05) were increased. Dietary chloride content elevated from 2.2 to 2.58 g/kg reduced pH in breast meat after 24 h (P ≤ 0.001), whereas elevated potassium content (7.8 vs. 10.6 g/kg) reduced drip loss in 24 (P ≤ 0.01) and 48 h stored meat (P ≤ 0.05).

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Section: Excreta Moisture Carcass and Meat Characteristicssupporting

confidence: 92%

Section: Excreta Moisture Carcass and Meat Characteristicsmentioning

confidence: 58%

The effect of different dietary potassium and chloride levels on performance and excreta dry matter in broiler chickens

Koreleski¹,

Świątkiewicz²,

Arczewska-Włosek³

2011

CZECH J ANIM SCI

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“…Included in the model were Na, P, Ca, and K content, where increased excretion of Na, P, and Ca resulted in greater moisture excretion whereas increased K excretion resulted in lower excreta moisture. The greater excreta moisture or litter wetness scores with elevated dietary Na has been found by various authors (Murakami et al, 1997;Smith et al, 2000;Oviedo-Rondón et al, 2001;Borges et al, 2003b;Jankowski et al, 2011). This finding is related to a linear increase in water intake with increasing dietary Na levels (Smith et al, 2000;Ahmad et al, 2009) or increased osmolality of the digesta, which prevents water reabsorption in the hindgut.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 71%

Moisture content in broiler excreta is influenced by excreta nutrient contents1

Hoeven-Hangoor

Paton

Linde

et al. 2013

Journal of Animal Science

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High litter moisture content, often referred to as wet litter, is a major problem in poultry production. Wet litter is often related to poor management, diseases, and digestive problems. In this experiment, the objective was to study the relationship between nutrient content and the moisture content of the excreta of broilers. A dataset containing 351 observations was built and contained the nutrient contents data including moisture content of excreta samples collected in 8 different broiler feeding trials. A biological based model approach was used to create a model with 10 and another one with 14 variables that may explain the excreta moisture level response. Subsequently, these models were compared with a statistical model that was built automatically and adjusted only if this improved the biological model. The R 2 of the 10 variable model was 0.54, in which Zn content and the interaction of NDF × K and Ca × P content were negatively associated with excreta moisture. Sodium, P, and Ca content and the interaction between content of NDF × Na were positively associated with excreta moisture. The R 2 of the 14 variable model was 0.58, in which Zn and K content and the interaction of NDF × protein and Ca × P content were negatively associated with excreta moisture, and Na, protein, P, and Ca content and the interactions in contents of NDF × Na, NDF × Zn, and K × Cu were positively associated with excreta moisture content. In conclusion, the models confirmed the effect of Na, protein, P, and Ca on excreta moisture content. Furthermore, hitherto unknown nutrient interactions that contribute to excreta moisture level were identified. As excreta levels of most nutrients can be manipulated by adjusting dietary nutrient levels, dietary formulation can be adjusted with the findings of this analysis to change levels of excreted nutrients and, consequently, also moisture output.

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“…According to Borges et al (2003a), alkalosis causes a reduction in competition between H + and K + for urinary excretion and therefore increases the loss of K + in urine. Excess of K + competes with the buffer anions from the renal tubular fluid, preventing the removal of H + , which is reabsorbed and can lead to acidosis.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Nutritional potassium requirement for laying Japanese quails

et al. 2011

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-The objective of this study was to evaluate the potassium requirement for laying Japanese quails. Two hundred and forty quails were distributed in a randomized block design, with five treatments and six replicates, with eight birds each. The treatments consisted of a basal diet deficient in potassium (K) (2.50 g/kg), supplemented with potassium carbonate, to replace the inert, to reach levels of 2.50, 3.50, 4.50, 5.50 and 6.50 (g/kg) of K in the diet. There was a quadratic effect of K levels on feed intake, egg production, egg mass and feed conversion per egg mass and per egg dozen, estimating the requirements of 4.26, 4.41, 4.38, 4.43 and 4.48 (g/kg) of K diet, respectively. There was no significant effect on the levels of K in the diet on egg weight, albumen weight, percentage of yolk or shell and yolk color. However, yolk and shell weights reduced and the albumen percentage increased linearly with increasing levels of K in the diet. Despite the reduction of shell weight, the increased levels of K did not influence the specific gravity and shell thickness. The use of 4.41 g/kg of potassium is recommended in the diet for laying Japanese quails.

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Dietary electrolyte balance for broiler chickens under moderately high ambient temperatures and relative humidities

Cited by 104 publications

References 6 publications

The effect of different dietary potassium and chloride levels on performance and excreta dry matter in broiler chickens

The effect of different dietary potassium and chloride levels on performance and excreta dry matter in broiler chickens

Moisture content in broiler excreta is influenced by excreta nutrient contents1

Nutritional potassium requirement for laying Japanese quails

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