Dietary combination of chitosan nanoparticle and thymol affects feed utilization, digestive enzymes, antioxidant status, and intestinal morphology of Oreochromis niloticus

El-Naby, Asmaa S. Abd; Al‐Sagheer, Adham A.; Negm, Samar S.; Naiel, Mohammed A. E.

doi:10.1016/j.aquaculture.2019.734577

Cited by 63 publications

(35 citation statements)

References 58 publications

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“…The enhanced feed efficacy also explains the improved growth performance in the present study. Although the digestive enzyme activity was not detected in the present study, the inclusion of chitosan nanoparticles was proved to activate the intestinal digestive enzymes in other fish species (e.g., Nile tilapia [19,22]). The enhancement of digestive enzyme activity also could explain the potential role of chitosan nanoparticles in improving the feed utilization and the growth performance of L. ramada Zhang [28] attributed the enhanced growth rate and feed utilization to chitosan's role in activating digestive enzymes, which are responsible for the hydrolysis of nutrients (e.g., carbohydrates, lipids, and proteins) in the gastrointestinal tract (GIT).…”

Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 58%

“…The results of the current study showed enhanced growth performance of L. ramada fed diets with chitosan nanoparticles. Similarly, the growth performance of Nile tilapia [19][20][21][22], rainbow trout [23], silver carp [24], and loach [15] was improved by dietary chitosan. The growth-promoting activity of chitosan is attributed to its role in activating the digestive enzymes by inhibiting the pathogenic bacteria and the activation of beneficial ones [26].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 93%

“…Notably, the nanomaterials are applied in the biomedical, food preparation, and aquaculture sectors [18]. Regarding aquaculture-related studies, chitosan nanoparticles are included in the diets of Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) [19][20][21][22], rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) [23], silver carp (Hypophthalmichthys molitrix) [24], and loach (Misgurnus anguillicaudatus) [15]. The results show an improved growth rate, feed utilization, immune response, and resistance against pathogens.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Marine-Derived Chitosan Nanoparticles Improved the Intestinal Histo-Morphometrical Features in Association with the Health and Immune Response of Grey Mullet (Liza ramada)

et al. 2020

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Marine-derived substances are known for their beneficial influences on aquatic animals’ performances and are recommended to improve intestinal health, immunity, and anti-oxidative status. The present study investigates the role of chitosan nanoparticles on the intestinal histo-morphometrical features in association with the health and immune response of Grey Mullet (Liza ramada). Chitosan nanoparticles are included in the diets at 0, 0.5, 1, and 2 g/kg and introduced to fish in a successive feeding trial for eight weeks. The final body weight (FBW), weight gain (WG), and specific growth rate (SGR) parameters are significantly increased while feed conversion ratio (FCR) decreases by chitosan nanoparticles compared to the control (p < 0.05). The morphometric analysis of the intestines reveals a significant improvement in villus height, villus width, and the number of goblet cells in chitosan-treated groups in a dose-dependent manner. Additionally, there is a positive correlation between the thickness of the enterocyte brush border and the chitosan dose, referring to an increasing absorptive activity. Histologically, the intestinal wall of Grey Mullet consists of four layers; mucosa, sub-mucosa, tunica muscularis (muscular layers), and serosa. The histological examination of the L. ramada intestine shows a normal histo-morphology. The epithelial layer of intestinal mucosa is thrown into elongated finger-like projections, the intestinal villi. The values of hemoglobin, hematocrit, red blood cells (RBCs), total protein (TP), albumin, and globulin are significantly increased in fish fed 1, and 2 g/kg of chitosan nanoparticles compared to fish fed 0 and 0.5 g/kg (p < 0.05). The highest levels of TP and albumin are observed in fish fed 1 g/kg diet (p < 0.05). The lysozyme activity and phagocytic index are significantly enhanced by feeding chitosan nanoparticles at 0.5, 1, and 2 g/kg, whereas the phagocytic activity is improved in fish fed 1 and 2 g/kg (p < 0.05). The highest lysozyme activity and phagocytic index are observed in fish fed 1 g/kg. SOD is significantly activated by feeding chitosan nanoparticles at 1 g/kg. Simultaneously, glutathione peroxidase (GPx) and catalase (CAT) activities also are enhanced by feeding chitosan at 1 and 2 g/kg, compared to fish fed 0 and 0.5 g/kg (p < 0.05). The highest GPx and CAT activities are observed in fish fed 1 g/kg (p < 0.05). Conversely, the malondialdehyde (MDA) levels are decreased by feeding chitosan at 1 and 2 g/kg, with the lowest being in fish fed 1 g/kg (p < 0.05). To summarize, the results elucidate that L. ramada fed dietary chitosan nanoparticles have a marked growth rate, immune response, and anti-oxidative response. These improvements are attributed to the potential role of chitosan nanoparticles in enhancing intestinal histo-morphometry and intestinal health. These results soundly support the possibility of using chitosan nanoparticles at 1–2 g/kg as a feasible functional supplement for aquatic animals.

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Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 58%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 93%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Marine-Derived Chitosan Nanoparticles Improved the Intestinal Histo-Morphometrical Features in Association with the Health and Immune Response of Grey Mullet (Liza ramada)

et al. 2020

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“…Similarly, Abd El‐Naby et al . (2020) reported that dietary supplementation with thymol increased the villus height in intestine of Nile tilapia. However, supplementation of dry oregano leaves to Nile tilapia diet did not significantly alter the intestinal villi height compared to unsupplemented group (Santo et al .…”

Section: Effect On Intestinal Healthmentioning

confidence: 99%

The role of oregano herb and its derivatives as immunomodulators in fish

Alagawany

Farag

Salah

et al. 2020

Reviews in Aquaculture

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The motivation behind this article is to give point‐by‐point data about the beneficial applications of oregano feed supplement in fish diets as immunomodulators, antioxidant, antiviral, antifungal and antiparasitic. Use of this plant as feed additive plays an important role in the fish diet when compared to other synthetic feed additives. Oregano is rich in phytochemical compounds including carvacrol and thymol in addition to other phenolic compounds with antioxidant and immune‐enhancing activities. Origanum vulgare extract improved the immunological responses and enhanced non‐specific immunity. Also, non‐specific immunity and the lysosomal activity were significantly increased in rainbow trout fed diet enriched with 3.0 mL essential oil of Origanum onites L kg−1 diet for 60 days. Furthermore, non‐specific immune stimulant, antioxidant and nitric oxide activities were improved due to O. vulgare oil supplementation. In some recent studies, Origanum heracleoticum L essential oil as a growth enhancer increased the antioxidant status. In rainbow trout, the hepatic levels of antioxidant enzymes and the total antioxidant capacity increased by feeding diet enriched with 6 and 10 g kg−1 diet of O. vulgare extract. Therefore, the addition of oregano and/or derivatives as a dietary supplement in fish diet may promote growth and enhance the immunity and health of fish and this will be useful for nutritionists, physiologists and veterinarians.

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“…However, when fish fed chitosan-vitamin C nanoparticles were challenged by imidacloprid-polluted water, chitosan-vitamin C supplementation significantly strengthened immunity and antioxidant activity, including the activity of lysozyme, glutathione reductase and CAT, C3 and immunoglobulins [105]. Growth effects of dietary supplementation with chitosan nanoparticles mixed with thymol, the most important phenolic compound in Thymus vulgaris essential oil, were evaluated on hematological parameters, and the liver and kidney function in tilapia [106]. The results showed that chitosan-thymol nanoparticle supplementation increased feed efficiency and protein efficiency ratio, while it had moderated effects on final weight, weight gain and SGR.…”

Section: Dietary Supplementation With Chitosan Nanoparticlesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Chitosan-Based Drug Delivery System: Applications in Fish Biotechnology

Rashidpour

Pablos

et al. 2020

Polymers

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Chitosan is increasingly used for safe nucleic acid delivery in gene therapy studies, due to well-known properties such as bioadhesion, low toxicity, biodegradability and biocompatibility. Furthermore, chitosan derivatization can be easily performed to improve the solubility and stability of chitosan–nucleic acid polyplexes, and enhance efficient target cell drug delivery, cell uptake, intracellular endosomal escape, unpacking and nuclear import of expression plasmids. As in other fields, chitosan is a promising drug delivery vector with great potential for the fish farming industry. This review highlights state-of-the-art assays using chitosan-based methodologies for delivering nucleic acids into cells, and focuses attention on recent advances in chitosan-mediated gene delivery for fish biotechnology applications. The efficiency of chitosan for gene therapy studies in fish biotechnology is discussed in fields such as fish vaccination against bacterial and viral infection, control of gonadal development and gene overexpression and silencing for overcoming metabolic limitations, such as dependence on protein-rich diets and the low glucose tolerance of farmed fish. Finally, challenges and perspectives on the future developments of chitosan-based gene delivery in fish are also discussed.

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Dietary combination of chitosan nanoparticle and thymol affects feed utilization, digestive enzymes, antioxidant status, and intestinal morphology of Oreochromis niloticus

Cited by 63 publications

References 58 publications

Marine-Derived Chitosan Nanoparticles Improved the Intestinal Histo-Morphometrical Features in Association with the Health and Immune Response of Grey Mullet (Liza ramada)

Marine-Derived Chitosan Nanoparticles Improved the Intestinal Histo-Morphometrical Features in Association with the Health and Immune Response of Grey Mullet (Liza ramada)

The role of oregano herb and its derivatives as immunomodulators in fish

Chitosan-Based Drug Delivery System: Applications in Fish Biotechnology

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