Dietary acid load and risk of prostate cancer: (a case-control study)

Abstract

Background: There are few studies which have shown inconsistent results regarding the associations between dietary acid load (DAL) and the risk of cancer. This study aimed to examine the association between DAL and prostate cancer (PC) risk among Iranian population. Methods: One hundred and twenty participants (60 controls and 60 newly diagnosed PC patients) engaged in a hospital-based case-control study. Validated 160-items semi-quantitative food frequency questionnaire (FFQ) was used to assess usual dietary intakes. DAL was calculated using potential renal acid load (PRAL) and the net endogenous acid production (NEAP). Multivariate logistic regression was used to estimate the odds ratios. Results: Both PRAL (OR=5.44; 95% CI= (2.09-14.17)) and NEAP (OR=4.88; 95% CI= (2.22-13.41)) were associated with increased risk of PC in crude model. After adjusting for potential confounders (energy intake, smoking, physical activity, ethnicity, job, education, and some drugs usage) compared to the first category, being in the third category of PRAL (OR=3.42;)) and NEAP (OR=3.88; 95% CI= (1.26-9.55)) was associated with increased risk of PC. Conclusions: Our findings suggest that DAL could be associated with increased risk of PC. However, further prospective studies with larger sample sizes and longer durations are needed to confirm these findings.

Association of High Dietary Acid Load With the Risk of Cancer: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Observational Studies

“…Two studies were also removed during the second screening phase because these studies were conference. Finally, three cohorts ( 21 , 24 , 30 ) and seven case-control studies ( 19 , 20 , 22 , 23 , 31 – 33 ) were comprised in the current systematic review and meta-analysis. Figure 1 shows the flow diagram of the study selection process.…”

“…The follow-up period in cohort studies ranged from 7.3 to 8 years. The type of studied cancers were breast ( 21 , 30 , 32 , 33 ), colorectal ( 19 , 22 ), prostate ( 20 ), lung ( 23 ), pancreas ( 24 ), and glioma ( 31 ). Most of the studies ( n = 9) used the food frequency questionnaire (FFQ) tool for assessment of the food intake.…”

Dietary acid load and the risk of cancer: a systematic review and dose-response meta-analysis of observational studies

“…Eight studies (Park et al , 2019; Mehranfar et al , 2020; Nasab et al ., 2021; Ronco et al , 2020; Safabakhsh et al , 2020; Ronco et al, 2021a,b; Shi et al , 2021) reported diet acidity load as PRAL, seven (Park et al , 2019; Mehranfar et al , 2020; Ronco et al , 2020; Safabakhsh et al , 2020; Ronco et al, 2021a,b; Shi et al , 2021) as NEAP, two as NAE (Wright et al , 2005; Park et al , 2019) and one as A:P (Park et al , 2019). All studies used a food frequency questionnaire for dietary assessment.…”

“…All studies used a food frequency questionnaire for dietary assessment. From the included studies, three explored the risk of cancer across the tertiles of dietary acid load scores (Mehranfar et al , 2020; Nasab et al ., 2021; Safabakhsh et al , 2020), five across quartiles (Park et al , 2019; Ronco et al , 2020; Ronco et al, 2021a,b; Shi et al , 2021) and one across quintile (Wright et al , 2005). Incidents in the lowest category of dietary acid load were considered as a reference.…”

“…However, studies that investigated the association between dietary acid load and cancer risk have resulted in conflicting findings. Some studies have reported a positive association (Mehranfar et al , 2020; Nasab et al ., 2021; Shi et al , 2021), but others have failed to show such associations (Safabakhsh et al , 2020; Ronco et al , 2021b). Therefore, this systematic review and meta-analysis aimed to clarify the association between dietary acid load and the risk of cancer.…”