Diet and Gene Expression: Delta-5 and Delta-6 Desaturases in Healthy Chinese and European Subjects

Xiang, M.; Rahman, Mohammad A.; Ai, Hua; Li, Xian; Harbige, Laurence S.

doi:10.1159/000095829

Cited by 29 publications

(25 citation statements)

References 46 publications

(23 reference statements)

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“…In other words, if D6D was upregulated in individuals consuming a-LNA, we would expect that DHA levels would have been relatively high and/or comparable to those found in people living in coastal areas. It is known that the expression and/or activity of D6D is downregulated by numerous factors, including high dietary x6/x3 ratios, fatty acid unsaturation [8][9][10][11][12][13][14][15][16], low intake of essential micronutrients (such as Mg, Zn, vitamin C, B2, and B6) [17], age [18] and gender [19]. Therefore, such factors may subsequently affect an individuals' ability to convert a-LNA to DHA.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Docosahexaenoic acid: one molecule diverse functions

Hashimoto

Hossain

Mamun

et al. 2016

Critical Reviews in Biotechnology

139

111

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Docosahexaenoic acid (DHA, C22:6, x-3) is a highly polyunsaturated omega-3 fatty acid. It is concentrated in neuronal brain membranes, for which reason it is also referred to as a ''brain food''. DHA is essential for brain development and function. It plays an important role in improving antioxidant and cognitive activities of the brain. DHA deficiency occurs during aging and dementia, impairs memory and learning, and promotes age-related neurodegenerative diseases, including Alzheimer's disease (AD). For about two decades, we have reported that oral administration of DHA increases spatial memory acquisition, stimulates neurogenesis, and protects against and reverses memory impairment in amyloid b peptide-infused AD rat models by decreasing amyloidogenesis and protects against age-related cognitive decline in the elderly. These results demonstrate a robust link between DHA and cognitive health. Rodents that were fed a diet low in x-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids, particularly those that were DHA-deficient, frequently suffered from anxiety, depression and memory impairment. Although the exact mechanisms of action of DHA in brain functions are still elusive, a host of mechanisms have been proposed. For example, DHA, which inherently has a characteristic three-dimensional structure, increases membrane fluidity, strengthens antioxidant activity and enhances the expression of several proteins that act as substrates for improving memory functions. It reduces the brain amyloid burden and inhibits in vitro fibrillation and amyloid-induced neurotoxicity in cell-culture model. In this review, we discuss how DHA acts as a molecule with diverse functions. ARTICLE HISTORY

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Docosahexaenoic acid: one molecule diverse functions

Hashimoto

Hossain

Mamun

et al. 2016

Critical Reviews in Biotechnology

139

111

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“…The key enzymes involved in the formation of long chain PUFA are D6-desaturase (D6d) and D5-desaturase (D5d). It is known that the fatty-acid composition of the maternal diet can affect the postnatal expression of D6d and D5d in human and rats (Neuringer et al, 1988;Xiang et al, 2006). However, whether the maternal diet has effects on these enzymes in piglets remains unclear.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of supplementation of the maternal diet with fish oil or linseed oil on fatty-acid composition and expression of Δ5- and Δ6-desaturase in tissues of female piglets

Missotten

Smet

Raes

et al. 2009

Animal

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The present study investigated whether enrichment of the pig maternal diet with n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) affects the fatty-acid composition of female piglets via enhancing of expression of the lipogenic enzymes D5-desaturase (D5d) and D6-desaturase (D6d). The sows (50% Landrace 3 50% Large White) were fed a control diet or one of the experimental diets starting at day 45 in gestation. The experimental diets were supplemented either with linseed oil or fish oil, whereas the control diet contained palm oil. Expression of D5d and D6d, and fatty-acid composition was determined by Western blotting and gas-liquid chromatography, respectively, in muscle, subcutaneous adipose tissue and liver. The highest D5d protein expression was observed in the piglets' muscle, followed by subcutaneous adipose tissue, with the lowest level in the liver. Expression of D6d in the piglets' tissues followed an opposite pattern, and was highest in the liver, followed by subcutaneous adipose tissue, with the lowest level in muscle. Supplementation of the maternal diet with fish oil or linseed oil increased the level of n-3 PUFA of the piglets in a tissue-specific manner. The response of D6d and D5d protein expression in female piglets, with average birth weight 2.4 kg, to the dietary manipulation was also tissue-specific. It is suggested that the increase in n-3 PUFA content in the progeny was related, at least partially, to the activation of D6d and D5d expression.

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“…Our research group recently demonstrated that in the human promyelocytic leukaemia cell line HL-60, the expression of D5D and D6D is regulated in response to PUFA (20). In another study comparing the composition of FA in the diet of healthy Chinese and European subjects, Xiang et al reported that the expression of D5D and D6D in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) correlated with the amount and type of dietary fat consumed (21). These results suggested that measurement of desaturase mRNA expression in a peripheral blood sample might possibly serve as a marker of FA status.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 98%

Fatty acid desaturase expression in human leucocytes correlates with plasma phospholipid fatty acid status

Slagsvold

Thorstensen

Kvitland

et al. 2009

Scandinavian Journal of Clinical and Laboratory Investigation

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Associations between and changes in plasma phospholipid fatty acid (FA) concentrations and expression of delta 5 desaturase (D5D), delta 6 desaturase (D6D) and delta 9 desaturase (D9D) in leucocytes were investigated both before and during n-3 FA supplementation for 2 weeks in 20 healthy individuals. Participants were divided into two groups depending on fish intake: one fish meal or less per week and no marine FA supplement (Lowfish, n = 9) and more than one fish meal per week and/or daily oral marine FA supplement (Highfish, n = 11). Before starting supplementation (t = 0), concentrations of n-3 FAs were significantly lower in the Lowfish group compared to the Highfish group. During supplementation in both groups, n-3 FAs increased, whereas n-6 FAs decreased. D5D expression was significantly higher in Lowfish compared to Highfish at t = 0. No difference in D6D or D9D expression was observed. D5D expression was inversely correlated with EPA, DPA, DHA and total n-3 FA, and positively correlated with the ratio total n-6 FA/total n-3 FA at t = 0. Expression of D5D in the Lowfish group as well as D6D in both groups significantly decreased relative to the expression at t = 0 during the first day of supplement. PUFA concentration was generally predicted by its precursor FA and D5D or D6D expression. The correlations mentioned disappeared after 2 weeks of supplementation. This indicates that steady-state FA desaturase expression is associated with plasma phospholipid FA composition. Whether leucocyte desaturase expression may have potential as a marker of PUFA status merits further investigation.

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Diet and Gene Expression: Delta-5 and Delta-6 Desaturases in Healthy Chinese and European Subjects

Cited by 29 publications

References 46 publications

Docosahexaenoic acid: one molecule diverse functions

Docosahexaenoic acid: one molecule diverse functions

Effect of supplementation of the maternal diet with fish oil or linseed oil on fatty-acid composition and expression of Δ5- and Δ6-desaturase in tissues of female piglets

Fatty acid desaturase expression in human leucocytes correlates with plasma phospholipid fatty acid status

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