Dielectric properties and microwave heating of oil palm biomass and biochar

Salema, Arshad Adam; You, Kok Yeow; Ishaque, Kashif; Ani, Farid Nasir; Afzal, Muhammad T.; Hassan, Azman

doi:10.1016/j.indcrop.2013.08.007

Cited by 138 publications

(74 citation statements)

References 36 publications

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“…Dipole moment in biomass gradually decreased as frequency increased. Therefore, dipole had shorter time to realign itself according the oscillating electric field [13], [28]. Conductive effect of microwave heating also diminished quickly in high frequency [14].…”

Section: A Effect Of Frequencymentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Previously, dielectric properties of oil palm shell, oil palm fibre [13] However, article about the dielectric properties of OPT is scarce in publicly available literature. Fundamental knowledge about dielectric properties of OPT core are required to understand the interaction between this biomass and microwave energy before subjecting OPT core in microwave-assisted processes.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Dielectric constant (ε') is the ability of material to store electric energy [12]. Dielectric loss (ε") is the ability of material to convert the electromagnetic energy into heat [13]. The relationship of these two values is as equation 1:…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Previously, dielectric properties of oil palm shell, oil palm fibre [13], empty fruit bunch [14], pine wood [16], rubber wood [17], Blue Gum Wood [18], softwood (Black spruce, Balsam fir and Tamarack) [19], Douglas fir [20], sapwoods (Aspen, White Birch, Yellow Birch and Sugar Maple) [21], sawdust, peanut-hull pellets [22], Australian wood species (Slash pine and Spotted gum) [12], corn, lentil [23], hardwood (Acacia mangium, Swietenia macrophylla and Maescpsis eminii) [15] and switchgrass [11] were reported. However, article about the dielectric properties of OPT is scarce in publicly available literature.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…It determines the attenuation of microwave power in material which resulted in heating [14]. The dipole rotation is depended on several factors such as moisture, frequency and fibre directions [15].Previously, dielectric properties of oil palm shell, oil palm fibre [13] However, article about the dielectric properties of OPT is scarce in publicly available literature. Fundamental knowledge about dielectric properties of OPT core are required to understand the interaction between this biomass and microwave energy before subjecting OPT core in microwave-assisted processes.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Dielectric Properties of Oil Palm Trunk Core

Jie¹,

Abdullah²,

Yusof³

et al. 2015

JOCET

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Abstract-Recent development in microwave-assisted processing of biomass materials has significantly created a need for fundamental study to understand the dielectric properties of these biomass feedstock, which could give further insight about interaction between microwave energy and biomass. In the present study, dielectric properties of oil palm trunk (OPT) core were investigated using an open-ended coaxial probe method. The dielectric properties of OPT core were determined as a function of controlling factors such as microwave frequency, biomass moisture content and fibre directions (radial, tangential and cross section). The results showed that dielectric constant of OPT core was decreased with the increasing of frequency. For dielectric loss and loss tangent, a similar trend was observed but only at low frequency (<1.8 GHz). The dielectric constant and loss of OPT core were positively correlated with its moisture content for all fibre directions. In terms of magnitude of dielectric constant and loss, radial direction showed the highest value compared to cross section and tangential which suggests radial direction has the optimum electromagnetic energy absorption and conversion.Index Terms-Oil palm trunk core, dielectric constant, dielectric loss, loss tangent. I. INTRODUCTIONAs main exporter of oil palm, Malaysia has a large area of oil palm plantation. Until December 2012, there were 5.08 million ha area of oil palm plantation covering 15% of the total land area in Malaysia [1]. Oil palm tree has short productivity life span about 25 years. During replanting, it is estimated that around 74 t/ha dry oil palm trunk (OPT) logs are produced giving availability of around 13.6 million OPT logs/year for every 100,000 hectares plantations [2]. The abundant OPT logs are mostly utilized in saw-wood, lumber, plywood, flooring and furniture manufacturing [3], [4]. In the manufacturing of plywood, only the outer part of OPT logs was peeled to be further processed into plywood while the core part comprised only soft parenchyma tissue was left out as waste [5]. The core waste could be converted into cattle feed or further processed into biofuel.For waste conversion of biomass into biofuel and materials, microwave-assisted processes such as microwavepyrolysis and microwave-drying are increasingly applied [2], [6]- [8]. Unlike conventional heat source, microwave energy has several advantageous including volumetric heating allowing bulky and high moisture biomass to be processed, minimize secondary reaction to optimize product yield also permits rapid heating therefore cost and time-saving [6] [11]. The mechanism of microwave energy on biomass involves the transport of the electrical charges by the ions present in the biomass cell wall and cellulose. Once the microwave is encountered the biomass, randomly oriented dipoles in dielectric material align themselves in a direction opposite to applied external electric field. The molecules absorb the energy and store as potential energy. By the mechanism of ionic conduction and d...

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Section: A Effect Of Frequencymentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

mentioning

confidence: 99%

See 3 more Smart Citations

Dielectric Properties of Oil Palm Trunk Core

Jie¹,

Abdullah²,

Yusof³

et al. 2015

JOCET

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Biomass Processing via Microwave Treatment

Rosa

Cravotto

Leonelli

2021

Biomass Valorization

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On the view of dielectric properties in microwave‐assisted activated carbon preparation

Alias

Zaini

2015

Asia-Pacific J Chem Eng

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Dielectric properties are important in the conversion of agro-wastes into activated carbon as they indicate the suitability of materials to be heated under microwave. However, dielectric properties of materials in microwave-assisted process are very much neglected in much of published literature. This paper aims to offer perspectives on the characteristics and dielectric properties of some agro-wastes in microwave heating. Issues involving the microwave-assisted activation strategies and the characteristics of the derived activated carbon are also discussed.

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Dielectric properties and microwave heating of oil palm biomass and biochar

Cited by 138 publications

References 36 publications

Dielectric Properties of Oil Palm Trunk Core

Dielectric Properties of Oil Palm Trunk Core

Biomass Processing via Microwave Treatment

On the view of dielectric properties in microwave‐assisted activated carbon preparation

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