Die Konstitution der Acetonzucker

Karrer, P.; Hurwitz, O.

doi:10.1002/hlca.19210040180

Cited by 18 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 2 publications

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“…Like Pringsheim, Karrer was convinced that the α-series of dextrins was composed of at least four distinct substances differing in molecular size. However, he disagreed with the subdivision of the β-series into triamylose and hexaamylose . For Karrer, these two products were identical.…”

Section: The Period Of Doubt: 1911–1935mentioning

confidence: 96%

“…In the early 1920s, the Swiss chemist Paul Karrer, Nobel Prize winner in 1937 for his work on vitamins, also published several studies on Schardinger dextrins. − ,− Paul Karrer, the son of Swiss parents, was born in Moscow on April 21, 1889. His family returned to Switzerland in 1892 where he studied chemistry at the University of Zurich.…”

Section: The Period Of Doubt: 1911–1935mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…He studied their chemistry and their interactions with ions. For instance, he studied the interactions between dextrins and barium, sodium, and potassium . Karrer also showed that the dextrins were made up of several components and introduced the notion of series.…”

Section: The Period Of Doubt: 1911–1935mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Review: A History of Cyclodextrins

2014

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Section: The Period Of Doubt: 1911–1935mentioning

confidence: 96%

Section: The Period Of Doubt: 1911–1935mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Review: A History of Cyclodextrins

2014

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“…While it is to X-ray analysis (see later) we owe our present knowledge of the kind of aggregation, evidence of a purely chemical nature is not vithout interest and significance. It was early suggested (Freudenberg, 1921) that the constituent glucose residues in cellulose are linked into long molecular chains, and this vjew, in spite of much early criticism (Karrer, 1921 ;Hess, 1924;Pringsheim, 1926), has proved substantially correct. Strong evidence was obtained by the separation from cellulose, as degradation products, of the so-called oligosaccharides".…”

Section: (B) Cellulosementioning

confidence: 99%

The Molecular Chain Structure of Cellulose and Its Botanical Significance1

Preston

1939

Biological Reviews

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Summary The impetus which modern work on growth has given to wall studies promises to combine these into a branch of plant science of considerable importance to botanists in many fields. The present review represents an attempt to discuss, in relatively simple terms, the work which has led to present views on the structure of cellulose, the chief structural polysaccharide of the plant cell wall. To this end, the results of organic chemistry, X‐ray analysis, and of polarization optics, are mentioned, and data from other sources are summarized where necessary. Cellulose is shown to consist of long molecular chains, of which the links are β‐glucose residues bound together, in the chain, by primary valences. The linkage is universally of the 1:4 type. The chains themselves are in turn bound together by secondary valences, or van der Waals forces, into ill‐defined bundles which correspond to the classical micelle of Nageli. Incrusting substances like pectin and lignin are certainly deposited in the intermicellar spaces, as against hemicelluloses like xylan, which are equally certainly intramicellar. The evidence for the existence of micellar aggregates, both in the wall itself and in the cytoplasm, is discussed in some detail. In any one layer of the secondary walls in the majority of plant cells, the cellulose chains form a single spiral round the cell. With many fibres and tracheids this spiral retains the same sign, and approximately the same pitch, from layer to layer of any one wall. On the other hand, both the sign and th? pitch of the spiral varies widely in some cell types. This has been demonstrated most clearly in the algae (e.g. Valonia, Cladophora, Chaetomorpha), where the cellulose chains of odd layers, say, point in exactly the same direction, but at a considerable angle (some 83° in Valonia) to the direction of those in the even layers. In spite of the increasing prevalence of the conception that the cellulose chains in the primary wall lie transversely, it is quite clear that in those cases critically examined they form a spiral resembling that in the secondary wall. It would seem that the development of a spiral in the secondary wall is not unconnected with its existence in the primary wall. The various theories of wall growth which are based on a transverse orientation of the cellulose chains, in the primary wall, must clearly be abandoned. Such evidence as there is points to a change, during growth, of the inclination of an original spiral. The nature, both of the cell wall and of the cytoplasm, is probably involved in wall deposition. Thus, a new layer deposited on a wall may be so influenced by the existing layers that the cellulose chains composing it lie parallel to those of the old wall. Yet the fundamental orienting mechanism must lie in the cytoplasm, for each wall originates as a new layer at cytokinesis. The evidence pointing to protoplasmic streaming as the mechanism involved is hardly convincing, and it seems not unreasonable to suggest that the configuration of the protein molecules at t...

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Zur Kenntnis der Aceton‐Zucker, II.: Diaceton‐xylose

Freudenberg

Svanberg

1922

Ber. dtsch. Chem. Ges. A/B

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[Aus d. Cliem. Institiit d. Universitat Freiburg i. B.] (Eingegnngeii a m 7. August 1922.) In (Icr Keihe der Peiitosen ist nur voii der A r a b i n o s e eiiie U i a c e t o n-V e r b i n d u n g bekannt. E m i l F i s c h e r l) erhielt sie nach den1 ublichen Verfahren : Schutteln des Zuckers mit Sceton-Chlorwasserstoff. Die$e Verbindung ist fur die Struktur der Aceton-Zuclrer von besonderem Interesse; deli11 wenn man daran festl d t , daB die Aceton-Reste nur henachbarte I-lydtoxyle erfassen, inuD das erste Aceton, da die Verbindung F e h l i n g s c h e Losung nicht reduziest, a m 1-und 2-C-Atom sitzen, wiihrend fur den zweiten Aceton-Rcst nur die Stellungen 3 und 4 (Formel I.) oder 4 und 5 (11.

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Die Konstitution der Acetonzucker

Cited by 18 publications

References 2 publications

Review: A History of Cyclodextrins

Review: A History of Cyclodextrins

The Molecular Chain Structure of Cellulose and Its Botanical Significance1

Zur Kenntnis der Aceton‐Zucker, II.: Diaceton‐xylose

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