1914
DOI: 10.1007/978-3-662-26235-1
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Die Gewinnung, Haltung und Aufzucht keimfreier Tiere und ihre Bedeutung für die Erforschung natürlicher Lebensvorgänge

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“…Sheep and goats have been reared as first generation germ-free animals to approximately 4 months of age (299), following an older report (164).…”
Section: The Animal Host: Germ-free Ormentioning
confidence: 99%
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“…Sheep and goats have been reared as first generation germ-free animals to approximately 4 months of age (299), following an older report (164).…”
Section: The Animal Host: Germ-free Ormentioning
confidence: 99%
“…However, the recognition of the need to work with pure systems in biological experimentation, from which Pasteur appears to have drawn his analogy [quoted by Ducluzeau (71)], can be traced further back to the experiments of Boussingault (33) on nitrogen fixation of plants grown in a "sterile" soil which were carried out during the first half of the past century. Various reviews on gnotobiotic experimentation (e.g., 164,178) have commented in detail on Pasteur's keynotes of our subject. It is less well known that Schottelius, a pioneer in the area of gnotobiotics who in his younger years spent some time in Pasteur's laboratory, has in one of his papers (290) expanded the master's scanty published remarks.…”
Section: Introductionmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…1850s watchmakers were the first to implement techniques to prevent dirt in their factory (Holbrook 2010) and in 1885, workers interested in germ-free life developed many types of mechanical barrier or isolation systems (Briggs Phillips 1965). In 1915 the first controlled environment was documented (Kuster 1915). It describes an area, with entrance air locks and air filters, that operates under positive pressure for the breading of germ-free goats.…”
mentioning
confidence: 99%