Did the Thermocline Deepen in the California Current after the 1976/77 Climate Regime Shift?

Kim, Heyjin; Miller, Arthur J.

doi:10.1175/jpo3058.1

Cited by 42 publications

(29 citation statements)

References 15 publications

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“…Collie, et al [19] pointed out that smooth, abrupt, and discontinuous shifts can be identified on the basis of different patterns in the relationship between the response of an ecosystem variable (typically biological) and some external forcing. Kim, et al [20] demonstrated that specific parameters such as nitrogen levels, upwelling, and thermocline depth can be associ-ated with regime shifts. Aebisher, Coulson and Colebrook [21] discussed how temperature and wind stress variations affect plankton production which can propagate up the food chain and impact fish populations.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Abrupt Climate Regime Shifts, Their Potential Forcing and Fisheries Impacts

Xu¹

2011

ACS

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The purpose of this paper is to investigate whether a logical chain of events can be established to explain the abrupt climatic regime shift changes in the Pacific that link the atmosphere to the ocean to fisheries impacts. The investigation endeavors to identify synchronous abrupt changes in a series of data sets to establish the feasibility of abrupt of climate change often referred to as regime shifts. The study begins by using biological (fish catch/stock) markers to mathematically identify the dates of abrupt change. The dates are confirmed by a literature search of parameters that also show abrupt changes on the same dates. Using the biological date markers of abrupt change, analyses are performed to demonstrate that the interactions between the atmosphere, ocean, ecosystems and fisheries are a plausible approach to explaining abrupt climate change and its impacts.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Abrupt Climate Regime Shifts, Their Potential Forcing and Fisheries Impacts

Xu¹

2011

ACS

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“…For calculating the water column properties (buoyancy frequency and heat content), only data from lines 80 and 90 were used, because vertical profiles are less complete compared with surface data, particularly in the early period. To minimize spatial aliasing, each profile was interpolated by a piecewise cubic spline method to 1 m resolution (Kim & Miller, 2007). With these interpolated data, the pycnocline depth for each profile was calculated as the depth with the maximum vertical gradient of density.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Climate‐driven changes in abundance and distribution of larvae of oceanic fishes in the southern California region

Hsieh

Kim

Watson

et al. 2009

Global Change Biology

123

127

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We examined climatic effects on the geographic distribution and abundance of 34 dominant oceanic fishes in the southern California region using larval fish data collected from the 50-year long California Cooperative Oceanic Fisheries Investigations (CalCOFI) surveys. The oceanic species responses to environmental changes in their geographic distributions were not very pronounced, perhaps because they lived in the deep layer where temperature change was relatively small or because the environmental variation of the CalCOFI region is not strong enough (with an average temperature gradient of the upper 100 m around 91 km 1C À1 ). Among the 34 taxa, 16 showed a significant distributional shift (median latitude or boundaries) in relation to environmental variables, and eight species significantly shifted their geographic distribution from the 1951-1976 cold period to the 1977-1998 warm period. Interestingly, the vertically migrating taxa more often showed a significant response to environmental variables than the nonmigrating mesopelagic taxa, reflecting the more significant increase in heat content of the upper ocean (o200 m), compared with the deeper zone (300-500 m) where the mesopelagic fishes typically remain. Climate change has significant effects on the abundances of oceanic fishes. Twenty-four taxa exhibited a significant change in abundance in relation to environmental variables, and 25 taxa, including both warm and cold-water taxa, showed a significant increase in abundance from the cold to warm period. Analysis of physical data indicated that the surface-layer (20-200 m) warmed significantly and the isotherms approached shoreward from the cold to the warm period. We further show that the spatial distribution of coastal-neritic fish retreated shoreward and oceanic fish extended shoreward from the cold to warm period. Our results suggest intensified stratification of the southern California region during the warm period may create a suitable habitat for the oceanic species. Moreover, such an unfavorable condition (e.g. changes in food habitat) for coastal-neritic species might result in competitive release for the oceanic fishes to flourish.

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“…Collie et al (2004) pointed out that smooth, abrupt and discontinuous shifts can be identified on the basis of different patterns in the relationship between the response of an ecosystem variable (typically biological) and some external forcing. Kim and Miller (2007) demonstrated that specific parameters such as nitrogen levels, upwelling and thermocline depth can be associated with regime shifts. Aebisher et al (1990) discussed how temperature and wind stress variations affect plankton production which can propagate up the food chain and affect fish populations.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The 1977 Global Regime Shift: A Discussion of Its Dynamics and Impacts in the Eastern Pacific Ecosystem

2012

Atmosphere-Ocean

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An investigation was conducted to assess whether a chain of events could be established to explain the global 1977-78 climatic regime shift and its potential association with ecosystem change. Changes in the eastern Pacific ecosystem will be investigated with the goal of demonstrating that there is a link between changes in the stratosphere and changes in the ocean with consequent impacts on fisheries. This investigation focuses on global forcing mechanisms, including coupled solar and atmospheric dynamic forcing that appear to be associated with the 1977-78 regime shift and how they may have resulted in changes to the global ocean surface circulation and subsequent changes in fisheries. More specifically, as a follow-on to previous work, the analysis addresses how changes in the stratosphere and troposphere may influence the surface through the entire lower atmosphere and affect the eastern Pacific marine ecosystem. The changes in marine life induced by the regime shift are inferred from fish landing data (catch/stock) in the eastern Pacific ecosystem that runs from the Gulf of Alaska along the west coast of the United States. Analyses are performed to demonstrate that the interactions between the atmosphere, ocean, ecosystem and fisheries are a plausible approach to explaining abrupt climate change in the eastern Pacific ecosystem and its impacts.RÉSUMÉ [Traduit par la rédaction] Nous avons fait une étude pour évaluer s'il était possible d'établir une chaîne d'événements expliquant la modification du régime climatique mondial de 1977-1978 et son lien possible avec le changement dans l'écosystème. Nous étudions les changements dans l'écosystème de l'est du Pacifique dans le but de démontrer qu'il existe un lien entre les changements dans la stratosphère et les changements dans l'océan, avec les impacts sur les pêches qui en découlent. Cette étude porte sur les mécanismes de forçage planétaires, y compris le forçage par la dynamique couplée solaire-atmosphérique, qui semblent liés à la modification du régime de 1977-1978 et comment ils peuvent avoir provoqué les changements dans la circulation en surface de l'océan mondial et les changements dans les pêches qui en ont découlé. Plus précisément, en tant que suite à un travail précédent, l'analyse examine comment les changements dans la stratosphère et la troposphère peuvent influencer la surface à travers toute la basse atmosphère et influencer l'écosystème marin de l'est du Pacifique. Les changements dans la vie marine provoqués par la modification du régime sont déduits des données de débarquement de poisson (prises/stocks) dans l'écosystème de l'est du Pacifique qui s'étend le long de la côte ouest des États-Unis à partir du golfe d'Alaska. Nous effectuons des analyses pour démontrer que les interactions entre l'atmosphère, l'océan, l'écosystème et les pêches sont une approche plausible pour expliquer le brusque changement climatique dans l'écosystème de l'est du Pacifique et ses répercussions.

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Did the Thermocline Deepen in the California Current after the 1976/77 Climate Regime Shift?

Cited by 42 publications

References 15 publications

Abrupt Climate Regime Shifts, Their Potential Forcing and Fisheries Impacts

Abrupt Climate Regime Shifts, Their Potential Forcing and Fisheries Impacts

Climate‐driven changes in abundance and distribution of larvae of oceanic fishes in the southern California region

The 1977 Global Regime Shift: A Discussion of Its Dynamics and Impacts in the Eastern Pacific Ecosystem

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