The 1977 Global Regime Shift: A Discussion of Its Dynamics and Impacts in the Eastern Pacific Ecosystem

Xu, Jianjun

doi:10.1080/07055900.2012.716023

Cited by 13 publications

(13 citation statements)

References 30 publications

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“…Distinctly different growth sequences document that growth is affected by wide-ranging climatic events (e.g., El Niño, La Niña, and volcanic eruptions such as Mount Pinatubo) (Pereira et al 1995;Casselman et al 2002;Smith et al 2008). It is now well understood that a global climate regime shift in 1977-1978 had a dramatic effect on fish and fisheries in both freshwater and marine ecosystems in the northern hemisphere (e.g., Casselman 2002;Powell and Xu 2012).…”

Section: Global Processes Affect Local Populationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Principles for ensuring healthy and productive freshwater ecosystems that support sustainable fisheries

et al. 2014

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Freshwater ecosystems and the fisheries they support are increasingly threatened by human activities. To aid in their management and protection, we outline nine key principles for supporting healthy and productive ecosystems based on the best available science, including laws of physics and chemistry apply to ecology; population dynamics are regulated by reproduction, mortality, and growth; habitat quantity and quality are prerequisites of fish productivity; connectivity among habitats is essential for movements of fishes and their resources; freshwater species and their habitats are tightly linked to surrounding watersheds; biodiversity can enhance ecosystem resiliency and productivity; global processes affect local populations; anthropogenic stressors have cumulative effects; and evolutionary processes can be important. Based on these principles, we provide general recommendations for managing and protecting freshwater ecosystems and the fisheries they support, with examples of successful implementation for each strategy. Key management strategies include engage and consult with stakeholders; ensure that agencies have sufficient capacity, legislation, and authority to implement policies and management plans; define metrics by which fisheries resources and management success or failure will be measured; identify and account for threats to ecosystem productivity; adopt the precautionary approach to management; embrace adaptive management; implement ecosystem-based management; account for all ecosystem services provided by aquatic ecosystems; protect and restore habitat as the foundation for fisheries; and protect biodiversity. Ecosystems are complex with many intertwined components and ignoring linkages and processes significantly reduces the probability of management success. These principles must be considered when identifying management options and developing policies aiming to protect productive freshwater ecosystems and sustainable fisheries.

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Section: Global Processes Affect Local Populationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Principles for ensuring healthy and productive freshwater ecosystems that support sustainable fisheries

et al. 2014

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“…The lack of satellite data in the early years could degrade the atmospheric analysis prior to the availability of the satellite data. The NNR temperature and geopotential height fields between 20 and 70 hPa (stratosphere) were used in this study to identify atmospheric regime shifts and their vertical connectivity to the ocean surface since previous analyses indicated the strongest planetary waves were in the stratosphere (Powell and Xu, 2012). Selected atmospheric pressure levels between the stratosphere and the surface (1000 hPa) were 1956-1957, 1964-1965, 1977-1978, 1988-1989, and 1998-1999. used to demonstrate the dynamic linkage between all levels of the atmosphere and the relationship with surface environmental conditions.…”

Section: Ncep/ncar Reanalysis (Nnr)mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Generally, regime shifts have been found to have occurred in 1925, 1947, 1977, 1989, and 1998(Mantua et al, 1997Minobe, 1999;Beamish et al, 2004;King, 2005;Overland et al, 2008;Powell and Xu, 2011a). The 1976/77 regime shift is the most commonly identified shift in the literature currently and is often identified with high-amplitude changes in numerous atmospheric, oceanic, and biological measures cited in the literature (Ebbesmeyer et al, 1991;Minobe, 1997Minobe, , 1999Overland et al, 2008;Powell and Xu, 2012). A combination of atmospheric and oceanic forcing is thought to cause marine changes by affecting the physical ocean which impacts the ocean habitat or ecosystem.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…To identify the regime shifts, the atmospheric planetary wave amplitude index (PWAI; Powell and Xu, 2011b) established the atmospheric planetary wave strength which was shown to influence ocean forcing through surface wind stress (Powell and Xu, 2012). The 55-75 • N latitudes were used to identify mid-latitude forcing associated with global synoptic-scale changes in the wind and vertical wave propagation which was previously analyzed as strong in the region.…”

Section: Identification Of the Regime Shiftsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…This begins the process of linking global biological change with physical changes in the ocean, ocean surface wind stress, and atmospheric forcing. To detect the potential global regime shifts, similar to the approach conducted in the determination of global planetary wave regime shifts (Powell and Xu, 2012), the time series of marine landing data over each of the sub-regions were analyzed using the 11-year running Student t test conducted on the normalized FAO fish landing data. The fish landing data included 9 fish species groups in 14 sub-regions (see Fig.…”

Section: Regime Shifts From the Global Fao Fish Landingmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Decadal regime shift linkage between global marine fish landings and atmospheric planetary wave forcing

2015

Earth Syst. Dynam.

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Abstract. This investigation focuses on a global forcing mechanism for decadal regime shifts and their subsequent impacts. The proposed global forcing mechanism is that the global atmospheric planetary waves can lead to changes in the global surface air-sea conditions and subsequently fishery changes. In this study, the five decadal regime shifts (1956-1957, 1964-1965, 1977-1978, 1988-1989, and 1998-1999) in the most recent 59-year period have been identified based on Student t tests and their association with global marine ecosystem change has been discussed. Changes in the three major oceanic (Pacific, Atlantic, and Indian) ecosystems will be explored with the goal of demonstrating the linkage between stratospheric planetary waves and the ocean surface forcing that leads to fisheries impacts. The global forcing mechanism is described with a top-down approach to help the multidisciplinary audience follow the analysis. Following previous work, this analysis addresses how changes in the atmospheric planetary waves may influence the vertical wind structure, surface wind stress, and their connection with the global ocean ecosystems based on a coupling of the atmospheric regime shifts with the decadal regime shifts determined from marine life changes. The multiple decadal regime shifts related to changes in marine life are discussed using the United Nations Food and Agriculture Organization's (FAO) global fish capture data (catch/stock). Analyses are performed to demonstrate that examining the interactions between the atmosphere, ocean, and fisheries is a plausible approach to explaining decadal climate change in the global marine ecosystems and its impacts. The results show a consistent mechanism, ocean wind stress, responsible for marine shifts in the three major ocean basins. Changes in the planetary wave pattern affect the ocean wind stress patterns. A change in the ocean surface wind pattern from longwave (relatively smooth and less complex) to shorter-wave (more convoluted and more complex) ocean surface wind stress creates changes in global marine fisheries.

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Spatiotemporal variability of multifractal properties of fineresolution daily gridded rainfall fields over India

Sankaran¹,

Chavan

Ali

et al. 2021

Nat Hazards

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The 1977 Global Regime Shift: A Discussion of Its Dynamics and Impacts in the Eastern Pacific Ecosystem

Cited by 13 publications

References 30 publications

Principles for ensuring healthy and productive freshwater ecosystems that support sustainable fisheries

Principles for ensuring healthy and productive freshwater ecosystems that support sustainable fisheries

Decadal regime shift linkage between global marine fish landings and atmospheric planetary wave forcing

Spatiotemporal variability of multifractal properties of fineresolution daily gridded rainfall fields over India

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