Dicyandiamide contamination of milk powders

Non‐destructive detection of dicyandiamide in infant formula powder using multi‐spectral imaging coupled with chemometrics

“…While there are no international standards for acceptable levels of DCD in food products, high doses of DCD are considered toxic to humans. Especially, it would be important to at least assess the DCD contamination in infant formulas for young children . Thus, the ability to differentiate between unadulterated infant formula powder and those containing the 0.01% DCD (the lowest proportion in the current study) is needed.…”

“…Especially, it would be important to at least assess the DCD contamination in infant formulas for young children. 30 Thus, the ability to differentiate between unadulterated infant formula powder and those containing the 0.01% DCD (the lowest proportion in the current study) is needed. Spectra of pure infant formula powder and infant formula powder containing 0.01% DCD were collected using multi-spectral imaging system and analysed using LS-SVM and BPNN methods.…”

Analysis of trace dicyandiamide in stream water using solid phase extraction and liquid chromatography UV spectrometry

“…However, contaminated grass and drinking water may result in the production of milk with trace levels of dicyandiamide residues. Low levels of dicyandiamide residues in 10 out of 100 samples of Fonterra dairy milk products from the North and South Islands of New Zealand in 2012 have been reported (Lucas, 2013). Investigation of the toxicology (Jia et al, 2008) suggested that when DCD was given to mice at the highest dose, after 16 hr the mice began to show restlessness, jumping, and shortness of breath, and later died within a few minutes.…”

Colorimetric and visual determination of dicyandiamide using gallic acid-capped gold nanoparticles

“…Although there is no internationally agreed 'safe limit' for DCD in food, the detection of this toxic chemical residue has become a concern in consuming milk or dairy products, especially infant formula. The presence of even minute quantities of a potentially toxic chemical residue in milk consumed by infants and young children is truly alarming [5]. Therefore, it is urgent to find a receivable measurement of DCD.…”