Diclofenac salts. I. fractal and thermal analysis of sodium and potassium diclofenac salts

Fini, Adamo; Garuti, M.; Fazio, Giuseppe; Álvarez-Fuentes, Josefa; Holgado, M.A.

doi:10.1002/jps.1156

Cited by 52 publications

(48 citation statements)

References 5 publications

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“…In comparison with the reported spectra of cetirizine and diclofenac sodium (Ihsan et al 2005;Moffat (2004); Sultana et al 2011;Fini et al 2001), the infrared spectrum of the complex showed that NH dimer from 2,700 to 2,400 cm −1 disappeared and the quaternary nitrogen atom stretching shifted from 3,070 to 3,040 cm −1 . Similarly, the aromatic CH and aliphatic CH 2 absorption band ranges shifted from 3,110 to 3,000 and 2,985.6 to 2,914.2 to 3,165 to 3,024 and 2,925.31 to 2,847.61 cm −1 , respectively.…”

Section: Characterization Of Complexesmentioning

confidence: 55%

Spectroscopic characterization of in vitro interactions of cetirizine and NSAIDS

2014

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Background: Cetirizine (anti-allergy agent) and non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs; anti-inflammatory agents) are co-administered drugs. Cetirizine, a P-glycopretein substrate may be affected by the use of NSAIDs. In the present work, quantification of cetirizine in the presence of commonly co-administered NSAIDs such as diclofenac sodium, ibuprofen, flurbiprofen, tiaprofenac acid, meloxicam and mefenamic acid were studied using the RP-HPLC technique. Methods: A high-throughput HPLC method for the analysis of cetirizine was developed, validated in the presence of NSAIDs and was further used to study the interactions of cetirizine in the presence of NSAIDs at four different pH levels. Purospher Star, C18 column (5 μm, 25 cm × 0.46 cm) with a mobile phase of methanol/water (90:10 v/v, pH adjusted to 3.5) at a flow rate of 1.0 mL/min and a wavelength of 240 nm was used.

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Section: Characterization Of Complexesmentioning

confidence: 55%

Spectroscopic characterization of in vitro interactions of cetirizine and NSAIDS

2014

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“…This channel structure seems to be common to all the alkaline diclofenac salts, as can be evinced by similar thermogram profiles, crystal habit, and ease to dehydrate/rehydrate. Accordingly to this idea, it was previously reported 25 that some diclofenac salts precipitate as tetra-hydrate, while some other alkaline form only bi-hydrate; the increased size of the cation leaves a reduced volume for the crystallization solvent molecules, especially for those of the organic solvents ( Fig. 2b/2,2c/3).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 87%

“…It can be hypothesized therefore that channels remain empty after dehydration and can be promptly refilled, when the salts take up water molecules from the vapor phase at a controlled relative humidity. This fact can explain the two endotherms associated to the dehydration/rehydration processes, the one at lower temperature is probably originated by the escape of water molecules near the surface, which need lower energy; afterwards molecules from the inner channels leave the lattice at higher temperature, suggesting greater difficulty for the reaction to occur 25 ( Fig. 2b/2,2c/3).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 92%

“…In previous studies, we largely examined the properties of the diclofenac salt with the base N-(2-hydroxyethyl) pyrrolidine, 7,8 used for preparing topical formulations (gel and patch), and the thermal behavior of sodium and potassium diclofenac salts; 25 following this last study, in this study we examined the nature of the salts formed by diclofenac with alkaline and earth alkaline cations using differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), EDAX, and X-ray diffractometric analysis (XRD).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Diclofenac Salts. III. Alkaline and Earth Alkaline Salts

Fini

Fazio

Rosetti

et al. 2005

Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences

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“…11,12 Long term use of KT is not indicated due to its association with peptic ulcer and many other systemic manifestations like, coagulation disorder, nephrotoxicity as well as severe impairment of cardiac, cerebral and hepatic functions [12][13][14][15] .…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

?-Tocopherol and Ketorolac on Pain in Long Evans Rats

Rouf

Begum

Ali

et al. 2017

J Bangladesh Soc Physiol

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Background: Alpha-tocopherol (αT) is a form of vitamin E that is widely known to be one of the reactive oxygen species scavengers (ROS) and it has been shown to have analgesic effects in different animal and human studies. But comparison of these effects with similar effects of ketorolac tromethamine (KT) and their combination have not been established. Objective: To assess the effects of αT on pain and also compare them with those of the combinations of αT with KT in rat models.Methods: This experimental study was conducted in the Department of Physiology, Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujib Medical University (BSMMU), Dhaka, from March 2015 to February 2016. For this, 20 (twenty) Long Evans rats (215±35 gm) of both sexes were divided into control (A, with 5mL/kg normal saline) and experimental (B1, with 500mg/kg αT; B2, with 10mg/kg KT; B3, with αT+KT) groups with 5 (five) rats in each group. All the drugs and vitamins were administered intraperitoneally in a single dose, just one hour before formalin test.To evaluate the effect of treatments on nociceptive pain, early phase (1 st -5 th minutes); on central analgesic system, interphase (6 th -15 th minutes); and on inflammatory pain, late phase (16 th -60 th minutes) of the formalin test, were observed. In all phases, total frequency of jerking and total duration of flexing and licking of the right hind paw were counted after administration of subcutaneous formalin (50 µL, 2.5%) injection. Statistical analysis was done by ANOVA, followed by Bonferroni post hoc test. In the interpretation of results, p≤0.05 was considered as significant. Results: αT lowered flexing and licking duration significantly (p≤0.001) in early and late phases. KT lowered flexing and licking duration significantly (P<0.001) in late phase of formalin test. On the other hand, combination of αT and KT significantly (p≤0.001) lowered both the study variables in early and late phase of formalin test. Conclusion: From this study it may be concluded that, αT possesses analgesic effects and combination of αT with KT is more effective than those of their individual administration.

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Diclofenac salts. I. fractal and thermal analysis of sodium and potassium diclofenac salts

Cited by 52 publications

References 5 publications

Spectroscopic characterization of in vitro interactions of cetirizine and NSAIDS

Spectroscopic characterization of in vitro interactions of cetirizine and NSAIDS

Diclofenac Salts. III. Alkaline and Earth Alkaline Salts

?-Tocopherol and Ketorolac on Pain in Long Evans Rats

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