Background: Effects of vitamin B12 on pain have been demonstrated in different animal and human studies. But comparison of these effects with similar effects of ketorolac tromethamine (KT) and their combination have not been established.Objective: To assess the effects of vitamin B12 on pain and also to compare them with those of the combinations of vitamin B12 with KT in rat models.Methods: This experimental study was conducted in the Department of Physiology, Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujib Medical University (BSMMU), Dhaka, from March 2015 to February 2016. For this, 20 (twenty) Long Evans rats (215±35 gm) of both sexes were divided into control (A, with 5 ml/kg normal saline) and experimental (B1, with 15 mg/kg B12; B2, with 10 mg/kg KT; B3, with B12+KT) groups with 5 rats in each group. All the drugs and vitamin were administered intraperitoneally in a single dose just one hour before formalin test. To evaluate the treatments effect on nociceptive pain, early phase (1st- 5th minutes); on central analgesic system, interphase (6th-15th minutes); and on inflammatory pain, late phase (16th-60th minutes) of the formalin test, were observed. In all phases, total frequency of jerking and total duration of flexing and licking of the right hind paw were counted after administration of subcutaneous formalin (50 ?l, 2.5%) injection. Statistical analysis was done by ANOVA, followed by Bonferroni post hoc test. In the interpretation of results, p?0.05 was considered as significant.Results: B12 lowered only the jerking frequency and KT lowered both jerking frequency and flexinglicking duration significantly (p?0.001) in the late phase of formalin test. On the other hand, combination of B12 and KT significantly (p?0.001) lowered both the study variables in all 3 phases of formalin test.Conclusion: From this study it may be concluded that, vitamin B12 possess analgesic effects and combination of B12 with KT is more effective than those of their individual administration.Bangladesh Soc Physiol. 2016, December; 11(2): 63-69
Background: Alpha-tocopherol (αT) is a form of vitamin E that is widely known to be one of the reactive oxygen species scavengers (ROS) and it has been shown to have analgesic effects in different animal and human studies. But comparison of these effects with similar effects of ketorolac tromethamine (KT) and their combination have not been established. Objective: To assess the effects of αT on pain and also compare them with those of the combinations of αT with KT in rat models.Methods: This experimental study was conducted in the Department of Physiology, Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujib Medical University (BSMMU), Dhaka, from March 2015 to February 2016. For this, 20 (twenty) Long Evans rats (215±35 gm) of both sexes were divided into control (A, with 5mL/kg normal saline) and experimental (B1, with 500mg/kg αT; B2, with 10mg/kg KT; B3, with αT+KT) groups with 5 (five) rats in each group. All the drugs and vitamins were administered intraperitoneally in a single dose, just one hour before formalin test.To evaluate the effect of treatments on nociceptive pain, early phase (1 st -5 th minutes); on central analgesic system, interphase (6 th -15 th minutes); and on inflammatory pain, late phase (16 th -60 th minutes) of the formalin test, were observed. In all phases, total frequency of jerking and total duration of flexing and licking of the right hind paw were counted after administration of subcutaneous formalin (50 µL, 2.5%) injection. Statistical analysis was done by ANOVA, followed by Bonferroni post hoc test. In the interpretation of results, p≤0.05 was considered as significant. Results: αT lowered flexing and licking duration significantly (p≤0.001) in early and late phases. KT lowered flexing and licking duration significantly (P<0.001) in late phase of formalin test. On the other hand, combination of αT and KT significantly (p≤0.001) lowered both the study variables in early and late phase of formalin test. Conclusion: From this study it may be concluded that, αT possesses analgesic effects and combination of αT with KT is more effective than those of their individual administration.
Background: Major Depressive Disorder (MDD) is associated with depressed lung function.Objectives: To observe FEF25%-75% in newly diagnosed Major Depressive Disorder patients and after three months of antidepressive medication.Methods: This prospective study was carried out in the Department of Physiology, Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujib Medical University (BSMMU) from January to December, 2014 to assess the lung function status in MDD patients. For this, 30 newly diagnosed MDD patients (Group B1), age 20 to 50 years were enrolled from the Department of Psychiatry of BSMMU. FEF25%-75% of all subjects were assessed by a portable digital spirometer (PONY FX, Cosmed, Italy) before and after (Group B2) three months of giving antidepressive medication. For statistical analysis, paired sample't' test was done and p value 0.05 is considered as level of significance.Results: There was no significant change found in patients taking antidepressive medication when compared between before and after three months of medication.Conclusion: From this study it may be concluded that there is no role in antidepressive medication in improvement of depressed lung function in major depressive disorderKYAMC Journal Vol. 8, No.-1, Jul 2017, Page 53-55
In certain painful disorders, B12 vitamins have been documented to be clinically useful alone or paired with non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs). However, it has not been identified to equate these effects with related effects of ketorolac tromethamine (KT) and their combination. To test and compare the effects of vitamin B12 on pain with those of the combination of vitamin B12 with KT in rat models. This experimental research was performed at the Department of Physiology, BSMMU. The control (A, A1 with 5 ml/kg normal saline) and experimental (B1, B1a with 15 mg/kg B12; B2, B2a with 10 mg/kg KT; B3, B3a with B12+KT) groups of 5 rats in each group were divided into 40 (forty) long Evans rats (215±35 gm) of either sex. Both medications and vitamins were administered intraperitoneally in a single dose just one hour prior to the writhing and paw edema test caused by formalin. The statistical study was carried out by ANOVA, followed by the post-hoc Bonferroni test. In the interpretation of outcomes, p≤0.05 was regarded as significant. B12 lowered only the writhing count and KT lowered both writhing appearance latency time and writhing count significantly (p≤0.001) in the writhing test. However, the combination of B12 and KT significantly (p≤0.001) lowered both the study variables in the writhing test. In addition, KT lowered edema volume significantly (p≤0.01) in the paw edema test. The combination of B12 and KT, on the other hand, substantially (p≤0.001) decreased the amount of edema in the paw edema test. It can be concluded that vitamin B12 has analgesic and anti-inflammatory effects, and that the combination of B12 with KT is more effective than when administered individually.
Background: Major Depressive Disorder (MDD) is associated with reduced lung function.Objectives: To observe & compare FEF25%-75% in Major Depressive Disorder patients with control group.Methods: This prospective study was carried out in the Department of Physiology, Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujib Medical University (BSMMU) from January to December, 2014 to assess the lung function status in newly diagnosed MDD patients. For this, 30 newly diagnosed female MDD patients (group B), aged 20 to 50 years were enrolled from the Department of Psychiatry of BSMMU. For control (group A) age, BMI, and occupation matched 30 apparently healthy females were randomly selected by personal contact. FEF25%-75% of all subjects were assessed by a portable digital spirometer (PONY FX, Cosmed, Italy). For statistical analysis, ANOVA, Independent samplet test were done and p value ?0.05 was considered as level of significance.Results: FEF25%-75%was significantly lower (p?0.001) in all MDD patients than control.Conclusion: From this study it may be concluded that the ventilatory lung function is significantly reduced in newly diagnosed MDD patients.Bangladesh Crit Care J September 2017; 5(2): 126-128
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