Diapause initiation and alterations in the life cycle of Grapholita molesta (Busck) (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae) as induced by photoperiodic conditions

Sausen, Carla Daniele; Sant’Ana, Josué; Pires, Patrícia Duarte Simões

doi:10.1590/s1519-566x2011000500002

Cited by 6 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 13 publications

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“…The lower viability of the larval–adult period of insect diapause, when compared with insect nondiapause were similar with the results found by Sausen et al. (2011) , who observed a reduction in larval viability when the insects were exposed to a photoperiod of 12 h. This highlights the metabolic expenditure of insects during the diapause period, once it changes metabolic pathways and physiological processes in the first generation postdiapause ( Kostal 2006 ), causing that occur symptoms associated with LTD. Larvae that expressed the symptom had no discoloration of the body (tegument), compared with other diapaused larvae at the same age.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 87%

Biological Characteristics of Grapholita molesta (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae) Induced to Diapause in Laboratory

Silva

Bernardi

Botton

et al. 2014

Journal of Insect Science

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In southern Brazil, Grapholita molesta (Busck) (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae) uses diapause as survival strategy during the winter (May–August). In our study, we evaluated the effect of diapause on biological characteristics of the species for 4 months in laboratory. Newly hatched larvae of G. molesta were induced to diapause changing the photoperiod and temperature (T) (12 ± 1°C), relative humidity (RH) (70 ± 10%), and a photophase of 12 h and, when they started diapause in the prepupal stage, the conditions were kept for 4 months. Afterwards, the insects were induced to finalize the diapause process at T 25 ± 1°C, RH 70 ± 10%, and a photophase of 16 h. We evaluated the duration and viability of the larval stages and pupae, pupae weight at 24 h and sex ratio (sr), periods of preoviposition, oviposition, and postoviposition; adult life span (males and females); fecundity (daily and total); embryonic period duration and eggs viability, comparing the data with insects nondiapause. The results show that diapause greatly affected the viability of pupal–adult stages of the population (21.8%) when compared with insects’ nondiapause (80.0%). Total fecundity (83.0 eggs) and mean life span (12.0 d) of insects diapause was significantly lower compared with insects nondiapause (173.0 and 17.0), respectively. However, these differences were not observed in the sr, which was similar to insects diapause (sr = 0.41) and insects nondiapause (sr = 0.49). The diapause induced for 4 months negatively affects reproduction and life span of adults of G. molesta.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 87%

Biological Characteristics of Grapholita molesta (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae) Induced to Diapause in Laboratory

Silva

Bernardi

Botton

et al. 2014

Journal of Insect Science

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“…In contrast, the final captures in the season happen at a similar time of the year in both provinces (early October). Photoperiod is a key factor regulating the start of diapause in G. molesta [2,40,51] and, in the present study, both provinces had a very similar photoperiod (maximum 3 min difference between provinces; [52]).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 88%

“…Differences in the generation time of G. molesta in successive generations were reported by Damos and Savapolou-Soultani [ 29 ], and we report similar findings in the present study. One of the factors that can influence the development of the pest is the photoperiod, especially in the last generations when the photophase is shorter than that of the generations developed during summer [ 51 ]. Bimodal peaks and generation overlaps were also reported for this species [ 29 , 40 ].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Different Population Phenologies of Grapholita molesta (Busck) in Two Hosts and Two Nearby Regions in the NE of Spain

Amat

Bosch

Avilla

et al. 2021

Insects

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Grapholita molesta is an important pest of stone and pome fruits. In commercial orchards, integrated pest management programs use pheromone traps to monitor the population dynamics of G. molesta and adjust treatments. Phenology models can be used to forecast the population phenology of pests and to help optimise the time point at which to spray the orchards with insecticides. In the present study, the adult population phenologies of G. molesta in two provinces of north-east Spain were studied, as well as their fit to the phenology model most used in both provinces. Weekly captures of adults in pheromone traps through the season were recorded over 5 y in a large number of commercial orchards, and these data were used to determine the number of generations of G. molesta in each province. The results show significant differences between provinces in the generation time, being 97 degree days (DD) shorter in the Lleida province than in the Girona province. In Girona province, four generations were registered, while five were detected in Lleida. As a result of the differences found, the phenology model was not able to predict precisely the population dynamics in the Girona province.

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“…To provide scientific evidence that the proposed mechanism underlies the observed population genetic effects in G. molesta in our study region remains an intriguing topic for future research. Grapholita molesta larvae can develop in shoots of host trees throughout the first part of the season and they could be induced to enter diapause at daylengths occurring in the study region end of June/begin of July (Huang et al., ; Sausen et al., ). Extended diapause of late‐instar G. molesta would result in fewer generations per year, as diapause duration would likely cover the bulk of the fruit‐bagged period.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Population genetics affected by pest management using fruit‐bagging: a case study with Grapholita molesta in China

Zheng

Qiao

Wang

et al. 2015

Entomologia Exp Applicata

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Fruit-bagging is being used as a pest management tool to control fruit moths on several continents. However, nothing is known about how this physical control method affects population genetics of these moths. Focusing on the oriental fruit moth, Grapholita (= Cydia) molesta (Busck) (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae), we used five polymorphic microsatellite loci and two mitochondrial gene sequences to investigate the genetic diversity and genetic structure of populations from three fruit-bagged and two unbagged apple orchards in five regions of a major fruit-growing area of China. We sampled each orchard 39 during the season and found high genetic diversity in the samples of populations collected. Populations from fruit-bagged and unbagged orchards were genetically significantly differentiated, indicating a clear effect of the pest management method applied. Genetic structures of the populations under a given management regime changed in the course of the season in a characteristic manner, and within the same regime, patterns were always similar at a given sampling time. There was no significant isolation by geographical distance. Population genetics from both orchard types did not resemble one another at the beginning of the season, but they did rather at the end. Potential reasons for this unexpected direction of change in population genetic structure are discussed, and we hypothesize that diapause-related characteristics may account for the patterns observed. The current study documents that pest management methods applied can have an important impact on the genetic diversity and genetic structure of targeted pest insect populations.

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Diapause initiation and alterations in the life cycle of Grapholita molesta (Busck) (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae) as induced by photoperiodic conditions

Cited by 6 publications

References 13 publications

Biological Characteristics of Grapholita molesta (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae) Induced to Diapause in Laboratory

Biological Characteristics of Grapholita molesta (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae) Induced to Diapause in Laboratory

Different Population Phenologies of Grapholita molesta (Busck) in Two Hosts and Two Nearby Regions in the NE of Spain

Population genetics affected by pest management using fruit‐bagging: a case study with Grapholita molesta in China

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