Diaminopimelic Acid Content of Feeds and Rumen Bacteria and Its Usefulness as a Rumen Bacterial Marker

Dufva, G. S.; Bartley, E.E.; Arambel, M.J.; Nagaraja, T. G.; Dennis, S. M.; Galitzer, S. J.; Dayton, A. D.

doi:10.3168/jds.s0022-0302(82)82412-0

Cited by 57 publications

(25 citation statements)

References 12 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…According to Craig et al (1987) and Cecava et al (1990), this relationship varies in the post-feeding period of high-concentrate diets. However, they do not vary when diets with a high roughage proportion are used (Dufva et al, 1982;Olubobokun et al, 1988), a fact that was also observed in the present study.…”

Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 72%

2,6-Diaminopimelic acid (DAPA) in microbial protein quantification of heifers fed different forage sources

et al. 2015

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

-The objective of this study was to evaluate the flow of nitrogenous compounds, protein degradability, rumen degradation of total carbohydrate and organic matter and microbial efficiency in heifers subjected to diets containing corn silage, sugarcane or Tifton. For this purpose, the 2,6-diaminopimelic acid (DAPA) technique was adopted and analytical procedures for amino acids by HPLC were adapted. Six rumen-fistulated Holstein-Zebu heifers with 480 kg of initial BW and at 24 months of age kept in individual tie stalls were assigned to two 3 × 3 Latin squares. Omasal digesta dry matter and microbial dry matter flows were determined using the isolated, purified and enriched lignin (LIPE ® ) and DAPA markers, respectively. Isolated bacteria from rumen showed on average 5.84 g/100 g microbial N, 0.25 g/100 g DAPA in dry matter and 44.61 DAPA: N ratio. The forage sources did not influence the flows of nitrogen compounds, except for total omasal flow and non-ammonia N in relation to N intake for the corn silage diet, for which there was an upward trend compared with the other diets. The degradation of the organic matter and total carbohydrates did not differ, averaging 6.1 kg/day and 5.2 kg/day, respectively. The studied forage sources do not influence the flows of nitrogen compounds, except for total omasal flow and non-ammonia N in relation N intake for the corn silage diet, for which there is an upward trend compared with the other diets. Protein degradability and microbial efficiency are similar between evaluated diets.

show abstract

Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 72%

2,6-Diaminopimelic acid (DAPA) in microbial protein quantification of heifers fed different forage sources

et al. 2015

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…The time of sample collection has no effect on the content of DAPA in bacteria, and the ratio of DAPA-N concentration to total N concentration in mixed rumen bacteria after feeding remains relatively constant (Dufva et al 1982). Our observations of the relationship between markers of the fermentation (VFA, pH) and synthesis activities of the rumen (DAPA) were therefore carried out at the time of maximum rumen fermentation of carbohydrates and degradation of proteins, and samples of ruminal fluid were taken 4-6 h after feeding.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

2,6-Diaminopimelic acid as a biological marker of rumen synthesis and fermentation capacities in the transition period and early lactation of dairy cows

Maskaľová¹,

Vajda²,

Bujňák³

2014

Acta Vet. Brno

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

The experiment was conducted to evaluate the effect of different types of available nutrients of total mix rations on fermentation and synthesis capacities of the rumen in Holstein dairy cows divided into groups in the transition period (± 3 weeks after parturition) and early lactation (60-80 days in milk). The diets were fed as a total mixed ration. Results obtained with feeding Diet C (high concentration of available nutrients) to dairy cows confirmed a significant increase in 2,6-diaminopimelic acid from the initial mean 2.2 μg/ml at 21 days before calving to 6.2 μg/ml (P < 0.01) at 21 days after calving or 7.6 μg/ml (P < 0.01) at early lactation, and a parallel significant increase in the concentration of volatile fatty acids (P < 0.01). The concentration of propionic acid increased from the initial mean 25.3 to 39.3 mmol/l (P < 0.01) in the transition period, and to 43.1 mmol/l at early lactation (P < 0.01). All indicators of rumen fermentation and synthesis determined in dairy cows with Diet B (low concentration of available nutrients) of the total mix ration according to productive phases were not significant. High regression coefficients of examined indicators of 2,6-diaminopimelic acid to volatile fatty acid (r = 0.813), propionic acid (r = 0.780) and acetic acid (r = 0.635) indicate direct correlation between fermentation and synthesis activities of the rumen. Our results show that 2,6-diaminopimelic acid appears as a perspective marker for the monitoring and evaluation of the synthesis function of the rumen and production of bacterial biomass under breeding conditions. VFA, DAPA, feeding and nutrition, microflora, fermentationRumen fermentation of the feed's organic matter and microbial biomass synthesis are reported to have the potential to meet 70-85% of the energy requirements and 70-100% of the protein needs of ruminants, even at higher levels of production. Microbial proteins synthesized in the rumen cover 80% of daily amino acid needs and constitute 50-80% of total absorbable amino acids (Bach et al. 2005). Synthesis of microbial proteins is affected by usability of fermentable carbohydrates (Ahvenjarvi et al. 2002), nitrogen (Verbic 2002) and minerals (Broudiscou et al. 1999). Optimum production of rumen microflora and synthesis of microbial proteins at the level of 12.6 g/100 g fermentable organic matter is ensured when the concentration of NH 3 in the ruminal fluid varies in the range 8.8-14.7 mmol/l which is an accepted reference value for assessment of the level of protein saturation in ruminant rations (Vajda et al. 1994; NRC 2001). Microbial efficiency expressed as g of microbial nitrogen per kg of dry matter, organic matter, total carbohydrate, and 100 g N digested, ranged from 20.8 to 26.6; 34.7 to 44.3; 35.1 to 50.3 and 89 to 95 g, respectively (Sniffen et al. 2006). Multiplication and growth of rumen microflora is affected by nutritional (quantity and ratio of carbohydrates and proteins) and dietetic factors (structure of total mix ration, dry matter intake, production of sal...

show abstract

“…The DAPA/purine ratio of digesta averaged 0.035 and 0.044 g/g in pigs fed diets without and with organic acid supplementation, and a similar difference was seen in the DAPA / purine ratio of bacteria that were isolated from digesta (0.031 and 0.041 g/g, respectively). According to Dufva et al (1982), the concentration of DAPA can vary greatly among different species of bacteria in the rumen. References for DAPA / bacterial N ratios of bacteria found from the digestive tract of pigs are scarce.…”

Section: Figurementioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of a dietary organic acid mixture and of dietary fibre levels on ileal and faecal nutrient apparent digestibility, bacterial nitrogen flow, microbial metabolite concentrations and rate of passage in the digestive tract of pigs

Partanen

Jalava

Valaja

2007

Animal

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Six 34-kg barrows were fitted with a post-valve T-caecum cannula and assigned to six dietary treatments according to a 6 £ 5 change-over design to study how a mixture of formic acid, sorbate, and benzoate (0 or 8.4 g/kg feed) influences apparent ileal and faecal digestibility coefficients, bacterial nitrogen (N) flow, microbial metabolite concentrations, and passage rate in pigs fed isoenergetic diets with medium, high, or very high fibre content (neutral-detergent fibre (NDF): 199, 224, and 248 g/kg dry matter, respectively). These barley and soya-bean meal based diets contained 0, 75, and 150 g/kg barley fibre (NDF: 577 g/kg) and 0, 8, and 16 g/kg rapeseed oil, respectively. The dietary organic acid mixture improved the apparent ileal digestibility of 14 of the 17 amino acids analysed (P , 0.05). Increasing levels of dietary fibre linearly decreased the apparent ileal digestibility of six of the 17 amino acids analysed (P , 0.05). Ileal flows of bacterial N and amino acids as assessed on the basis of purine flow were decreased by the dietary organic acid mixture (P , 0.05) but were not affected by dietary fibre level (P . 0.05). As assessed on the basis of diaminopimelic acid flow, bacterial N flow was increased by both the dietary organic acid mixture and increased dietary fibre levels (P , 0.05). The dietary organic acid mixture reduced the concentration of lactic acid and increased that of acetic acid in ileal digesta (P , 0.05), while dietary fibre levels had a quadratic effect on concentrations of acetic, propionic, and butyric acid (P , 0.05). The mean retention time of Co (solute marker) and Yb (particle marker) in the large intestine decreased in a linear manner by increasing dietary fibre levels (P , 0.05) but was not affected by the dietary organic acid mixture (P . 0.05). The results show that a dietary organic acid mixture has a positive effect on the apparent ileal digestibility of most amino acids irrespective of dietary fibre levels. This could be at least partly related to changes in bacterial N flow in the ileum. However, different bacterial markers showed opposite effects on bacterial N flow, which makes it questionable to use a constant bacterial marker / bacterial N ratio to estimate bacterial N flow. Increasing levels of dietary fibre had negative effects on the apparent ileal amino acid digestibilities and shortened the mean retention time of digesta in the large intestine.

show abstract

Diaminopimelic Acid Content of Feeds and Rumen Bacteria and Its Usefulness as a Rumen Bacterial Marker

Cited by 57 publications

References 12 publications

2,6-Diaminopimelic acid (DAPA) in microbial protein quantification of heifers fed different forage sources

2,6-Diaminopimelic acid (DAPA) in microbial protein quantification of heifers fed different forage sources

2,6-Diaminopimelic acid as a biological marker of rumen synthesis and fermentation capacities in the transition period and early lactation of dairy cows

Effects of a dietary organic acid mixture and of dietary fibre levels on ileal and faecal nutrient apparent digestibility, bacterial nitrogen flow, microbial metabolite concentrations and rate of passage in the digestive tract of pigs

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About