Diameter control of single-walled carbon nanotube forests from 1.3–3.0 nm by arc plasma deposition

Chen, Guohai; Seki, Yasuaki; Kimura, H.; Sakurai, Shunsuke; Yumura, Motoo; Hata, Kenji; Futaba, Don N.

doi:10.1038/srep03804

Cited by 61 publications

(56 citation statements)

References 45 publications

(74 reference statements)

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“…( d ) Raman spectra of the as-grown VA-CNTs for the excitation wavelengths of 785 nm (red), 532 nm (green), and 445 nm (blue). ( e ) Diameter distribution of VA-CNTs obtained by the present and previous reports101718252628323536375152.…”

Section: Figurementioning

confidence: 61%

A Forest of Sub-1.5-nm-wide Single-Walled Carbon Nanotubes over an Engineered Alumina Support

Yang

Patscheider

et al. 2017

Sci Rep

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A precise control of the dimension of carbon nanotubes (CNTs) in their vertical array could enable many promising applications in various fields. Here, we demonstrate the growth of vertically aligned, single-walled CNTs (VA-SWCNTs) with diameters in the sub-1.5-nm range (0.98 ± 0.24 nm), by engineering a catalyst support layer of alumina via thermal annealing followed by ion beam treatment. We find out that the ion beam bombardment on the alumina allows the growth of ultra-narrow nanotubes, whereas the thermal annealing promotes the vertical alignment at the expense of enlarged diameters; in an optimal combination, these two effects can cooperate to produce the ultra-narrow VA-SWCNTs. According to micro- and spectroscopic characterizations, ion beam bombardment amorphizes the alumina surface to increase the porosity, defects, and oxygen-laden functional groups on it to inhibit Ostwald ripening of catalytic Fe nanoparticles effectively, while thermal annealing can densify bulk alumina to prevent subsurface diffusion of the catalyst particles. Our findings contribute to the current efforts of precise diameter control of VA-SWCNTs, essential for applications such as membranes and energy storage devices.

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Section: Figurementioning

confidence: 61%

A Forest of Sub-1.5-nm-wide Single-Walled Carbon Nanotubes over an Engineered Alumina Support

Yang

Patscheider

et al. 2017

Sci Rep

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“…[44] The key importance to growing a vertically aligned SWNT (VA-SWNTs) array is ensuring that the catalysts are small, dense, and efficient ( Figure 1e). Thanks to these geometric advantages, many elegant studies have been conducted using this system, including demonstration of growth kinetics by ex situ or in situ monitoring [48,49] and anisotropic optical/electronic properties, [50,51] manipulation/ patterning of the CNT films, [52][53][54] modulation of the SWNT structure, [55][56][57] and fabrication of a high-efficiency filter. As a follow-up of this work, "super-growth" process, in which enhanced growth efficiency was achieved by incorporating a trace amount of water into ethylene CVD (Table 1: Process I), was reported.…”

Section: Wwwadvancedsciencenewscommentioning

confidence: 99%

Single‐Walled Carbon Nanotubes in Emerging Solar Cells: Synthesis and Electrode Applications

Jeon

Xiang

Shawky

et al. 2018

Advanced Energy Materials

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years, because of growing concerns over the energy security. Among different types of photovoltaics, silicon solar cells give power conversion efficiencies (PCEs) of over 26% with excellent durability. This technology has already reached the market, and the products are readily available. However as recent technologies, such as flexible smartphones and IoT (internet of things), evolve into more versatile and portable electronics, there is a shift of demand from performance-centric technologies to versatility-oriented technologies. In other words, the paradigm is shifting to flexible, wearable, and light-weight electronic devices. Energy-generating devices are also following the same path. This means that the thin-film solar cell technologies, such as organic solar cells (OSCs) [1][2][3] and perovskite solar cells (PSCs), [4,5] are considered to be the wave of the future with their critical attributes of being ultrathin (<1 mm), light-weight, and solution-processable. [6] These emerging thin-film solar cells have the potential to equal or surpass the PCE of silicon solar cells while having major advantages in terms of production cost, enhanced design and a variety of new functionalities. Furthermore, tandem photovoltaics, [7] which are combined solar cells of PSCs, silicon solar cells, [8] or OSCs, [9,10] are another new and promising category for the future photovoltaic technology. Despite different names of solar cell types, the device structure is largely the same. They commonly share the typical configuration of one photoactive layer in the center, two charge selective layers above and below the active layer, and two electrodes at each end-at least one of which has to be transparent so that sunlight can pass through it. While there has been an intense efficiency race within the emerging thin-film solar cell community, less attention has been paid to other features, such as flexibility and stability. These traits can be enhanced by using new electrodes and charge-selective layers. Not only the functionalities but also photovoltaic performance is heavily dependent on the electrode and the charge-selective layers. Many scientists around the world, thus far, have focused on these layers by developing novel materials and modifying conventional materials to push the boundaries of current thin-film photovoltaic technology.Abundant and mechanically resilient carbon allotropes are composed of carbon atoms only, yet manifest different electronic properties depending on their configurations and arrangements. Of the carbon species, carbon nanotubes (CNTs) are promising materials to be incorporated into the thin-film solar cells owing to a wide range of properties ranging from conductors to semiconductors with different bandgaps based Emerging solar cells, namely, organic solar cells and perovskite solar cells, are the thin-film photovoltaics that have light to electricity conversion efficiencies close to that of silicon solar cells while possessing advantages in having additional functionalities, facile-processability, an...

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“…Although shown to be susceptible to functionalisation by certain reagents, 27 carbon nanotubes are relatively inert structures, remaining unreactive under most reaction conditions as Fig. 31 Lastly, the encapsulation of species within carbon nanotubes relies solely on ubiquitous van der Waals interactions 32,33 which are universal and, due to the intimate contact between the guest-molecule and the host CNT, can be of considerable magnitude (e.g. Crucially, the stabilisation of the transition state by the host nanoreactor can act to decrease the energy barrier to the formation of product C (DG ‡ , Gibbs free energy of activation).…”

Section: Chemical Reactions In Confined Spacementioning

confidence: 99%

Chemical reactions confined within carbon nanotubes

2016

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In this critical review, we survey the wide range of chemical reactions that have been confined within carbon nanotubes, particularly emphasising how the pairwise interactions between the catalysts, reactants, transition states and products of a particular molecular transformation with the host nanotube can be used to control the yields and distributions of products of chemical reactions. We demonstrate that nanoscale confinement within carbon nanotubes enables the control of catalyst activity, morphology and stability, influences the local concentration of reactants and products thus affecting equilibria, rates and selectivity, pre-arranges the reactants for desired reactions and alters the relative stability of isomeric products. We critically evaluate the relative advantages and disadvantages of the confinement of chemical reactions inside carbon nanotubes from a chemical perspective and describe how further developments in the controlled synthesis of carbon nanotubes and the incorporation of multifunctionality are essential for the development of this ever-expanding field, ultimately leading to the effective control of the pathways of chemical reactions through the rational design of multi-functional carbon nanoreactors.

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Diameter control of single-walled carbon nanotube forests from 1.3–3.0 nm by arc plasma deposition

Cited by 61 publications

References 45 publications

A Forest of Sub-1.5-nm-wide Single-Walled Carbon Nanotubes over an Engineered Alumina Support

A Forest of Sub-1.5-nm-wide Single-Walled Carbon Nanotubes over an Engineered Alumina Support

Single‐Walled Carbon Nanotubes in Emerging Solar Cells: Synthesis and Electrode Applications

Chemical reactions confined within carbon nanotubes

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