Diamagnetic Levitation With Permanent Magnets for Contactless Guiding and Trapping of Microdroplets and Particles in Air and Liquids

Analytical Calculation of the Magnetic Field Created by Permanent-Magnet Rings

“…Geometrical methods have been proposed by Leupold [1] to calculate high uniform magnetic field sources [2] using wedge-shaped magnets-with sections presenting wedges, or angles lower than 90 -and extended from the Halbach "magical structure" [3]. Analytical approaches are of primary importance for the design of many devices, and the need for analytical methodologies is emphasized in all applications, from the generation of remote fields for MRI [4] or field gradients [5], to the microactuators [6] and diamagnetic levitation devices [7], not forgetting all the electrical motors topologies [8] and the sensors for mechanical data such as position or torque [9], [10].…”

Levitating Micro-Actuators: A Review

“…Lyuksyutov et al showed that the stiffness of the restoring force for a droplet of a 6 ± 0.3 µm was around 3.0 ± 0.6 fN µm −1 . Using electroplated CoPt micro-magnet arrays, Chetouani et al achieved the levitation and trapping of 3 µm-large diamagnetic latex beads and microdroplets of water, ethanol and oil [62]. In 2006, Haguet et al presented a new technology to handle low-volume droplets without any physical contact.…”

“…(c) Figure 5. Diamagnetic levitation micro-actuators: (a) two magnet design for levitation of droplet/particle [61,62,65,66]; (b) four magnet design for levitation of a plate [67,68]; (c) the design with a ring and disc shaped magnets [69,70].…”

Directed self-assembly of mesoscopic electronic components into sparse arrays with controlled orientation using diamagnetic levitation

“…Permanent magnets can levitate a mesoscopic sample made of strongly diamagnetic material, such as PG with χ z ¼ À6 Â 10 À 4 [19], or microscopic amounts of weakly diamagnetic material such as water [20,21]. In order for diamagnetic levitation at an equilibrium point r → to be stable, the potential energy must increase in all directions from this point [22], leading to:…”