Diagnóstico precoce de anormalidades no desenvolvimento em prematuros: instrumentos de avaliação

Abstract

Objective: To review the literature regarding screening psychomotor tests for the early identification of developmental problems. Sources:A search on SciELO, PubMed and Google Scholar was performed using the terms "prematurity," "developmental delay," "cerebral palsy," "early diagnosis" and "evaluation tests." Summary of the findings:A total of 455 references were listed, and 174 studies were selected for this review based on title, relevance, and abstract. Only original and electronically available material, from 1985 forward, with information on design, applicability, and psychometric properties of those tests was included. Conclusions:Screening tests are important to speed the beginning of treatment measures in order to allow for better developmental outcome. Among the many tests that can be employed for this purpose, the DENVER II and the Alberta Infant Motor Scale are the most often used in Brazilian studies. The Movement Assessment of Infants is starting to be used in our country. Two other tests are recommended in the literature due to their high sensibility and specificity:the Test of Infant Motor Performance and the General Movements.J Pediatr (Rio J). 2008;84(4):289-299: Prematurity, motor delay, early diagnostic, screening tests.

Characterization of the motor performance of newborns in a neonatal unit of tertiary level

“…Santos et al, 29 in a meta-analysis of 17 articles selected from 455 studies, critically reviewed the evaluation instruments most widely used today for early screening and identification of abnormalities in child development. They highlighted the importance of the TIMP scale among the instruments studied due to its high sensitivity and specificity in young children.…”

“…6 In Brazil, some authors have established the profile of acquisition of motor skills both in relation to the pattern and the pace at which they are processed, trying to set rules to assess normality. 6,7,9 The Test of Infant Motor Performance (TIMP) is the only discriminative instrument of evaluation and prognosis developed for preterm infants with gestational age of 34 weeks to 4 months corrected gestational age (cGA) with high predictive value for use in the neonatal unit. This is a postural and selective motor control test whose purpose is to record longitudinally the motor performance of newborns at risk for delays in motor skills.…”

Percepção de pais e professores do desenvolvimento de crianças de três a seis anos comparada com o Teste de Denver II

“…As escalas mais usadas no Nenhuma delas foi validada para a população brasileira (Kupfer, 2003;Santos et al, 2008;Miranda et al, 2003 (Diament, 1967). Atualmente, existem diversas padronizações do exame neurológico.…”

“…No Brasil, além de ser a ferramenta mais frequentemente usada nas pesquisas para a avaliação do desenvolvimento de pré-escolares (Miranda et al, 2003;Drachler et al, 2007;Souza et al, 2008;Santos et al, 2008) Diversos autores (Drachler et al, 2007;Souza et al, 2008;Pilz & Shermann, 2007;Biscegli et al, 2007;Halpern et al, 2008;Halpern et al, 2000;Fisberg et al, 1997) usaram traduções desse teste com adaptações para atender a necessidades regionais e culturais brasileiras. Souza et al (2008) Outra maneira eficiente para a triagem de alterações do desenvolvimento, sugerida por diversas pesquisas (Williams & Holmes, 2004;Rydz et al, 2005;Rydz et al, 2006;Glascoe, 1997;Glascoe, 2003;AAP, 2001;AAP, 2006;OPAS, 2005;Hamilton, 2006;Glascoe, 1993;Oberklaid & Efron, 2005;Rosenbaum, 1998;Squires, 1996;Tough et al, 2006;Glascoe, 1991;Giel et al, 1981), é o relato dos pais sobre seus filhos e as preocupações que aqueles têm quanto ao desenvolvimento e comportamento destes.…”

“…Apesar do grande crescimento da preocupação com o desenvolvimento infantil, tanto em países desenvolvidos como em desenvolvimento (Grantham-McGregor et al, 2007;Walker et al, 2007), ainda não existe nenhum método de avaliação do desenvolvimento validado 1 para a população brasileira (Kupfer, 2003;Santos et al, 2008;Miranda et al, 2003). Diante do exposto, no presente estudo, para a avaliação do desenvolvimento três métodos diferentes foram selecionados.…”