Diagnostic Value of Leukocyte esterase and Nitrite Tests for the Detection of Urinary TractInfection

Nava, Melody Omrani; Mirzaei, Nazanin; Ebrahimian, Vahid; Molaei, Meysam; Tohidnia, Fatemeh; Pursafar, Mahdi

doi:10.13005/bpj/353

Cited by 4 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 4 publications

(4 reference statements)

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“…The positive and negative predictive values were 67.9 and 89.4%, respectively. Additionally, the sensitivity of leukocyte esterase test in this study was slightly higher than the study of Nava et al 7 (72.05%) and lower in Koeijers et al 6 (78.0%). Moreover, the specificity of this test in our study was much lower than Nava et al 7 (84.65%) and higher than Koeijers et al6 (59.0%).…”

Section: Resultscontrasting

confidence: 80%

“…Again among 29 cases of negative nitrite leukocyte 3 cases were culture positive. The difference between the Nitrite leukocyte and culture results were statistically significant (p=0.001) ( Negative predictive value was lower than Nava et al 7 (95.9%). The test has a low positive predictive value of 25.0% and a high negative predictive value of 98.1% 8 .…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 58%

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Diagnostic Value of Dipstick Test (Leukocyte Esterase and Nitrite) in Diagnosis of Urinary Tract Infection

Huda,

Nabonee,

Yusuf

et al. 2023

Bangladesh J Med Microbiol

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Background: The accurate UTI diagnosis is crucial in the laboratory. Objective: The objective was to assess the sensitivity and specificity of the nitrite test, leukocyte esterase, both nitrite and leukocyte esterase, and urine microscopy in UTI diagnosis. Methodology: This was a cross-sectional study in which 100 adult patients, who were suspected to have UTI and did not receive antibiotics for at least 1 week, were included in this study performed in Shahabuddin Medical College and Hospital, Gulshan-2, Dhaka. Urine samples were collected and sent to laboratory for urine analysis and urine culture. Nitrite and leukocyte esterase dipsticks tests were done as well. The sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value (PPV), and negative predictive value (NPV) were measured for nitrite, leukocyte esterase, both nitrite and leukocyte esterase. Results: According to the results of the urine dipstick test, microscopy, and urine culture, nitrite was positive in 17.0% of the cases, leukocyte esterase was positive in 53.0% of the cases, both nitrite and leukocyte esterase were positive in 17.0% of the cases, urine microscopy was positive in 71.0% of the cases, and urine culture was positive in 41.0% of the cases. In the detection of urinary tract infections, the sensitivity, specificity, PPV, and NPV of leukocyte esterase were 87.8%, 71.2%, 67.9%, and 89.4% respectively, using urine culture as the gold standard test. Based on urine culture as gold standard test, the sensitivity, specificity, PPV, and NPV of both nitrite and leukocyte esterase were 34.1%, 94.9%, 82.4%, and 67.5% respectively, in detecting urinary tract infections. Conclusions: Efficacy of leukocyte esterase was found better in detecting UTI comparing nitrite test. Escherichia coli is the most common isolated organism. Bangladesh Journal of Medical Microbiology, July 2023;17(2):55-59

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Section: Resultscontrasting

confidence: 80%

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 58%

Diagnostic Value of Dipstick Test (Leukocyte Esterase and Nitrite) in Diagnosis of Urinary Tract Infection

Huda,

Nabonee,

Yusuf

et al. 2023

Bangladesh J Med Microbiol

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“…47 Moreover, the detection of nitrite in urine provides evidence of not only bacteriuria but also the presence of leukocytes. 48 However, the determination of nitrite in urine and environmental samples by a PL quenching method is a challenge due to the presence of some interferents. For example, Cu 2+ , Hg 2+ , S 2À , CN À , glutathione, cysteine, etc.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Nitrite ion-induced fluorescence quenching of luminescent BSA-Au₂₅nanoclusters: mechanism and application

Unnikrishnan

Wei

Chiu

et al. 2014

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Fluorescence quenching is an interesting phenomenon which is highly useful in developing fluorescence based sensors. A thorough understanding of the fluorescence quenching mechanism is essential to develop efficient sensors. In this work, we investigate different aspects governing the nitrite ion-induced fluorescence quenching of luminescent bovine serum albumin stabilized gold nanoclusters (BSA-Au NCs) and their application for detection of nitrite in urine. The probable events leading to photoluminescence (PL) quenching by nitrite ions were discussed on the basis of the results obtained from ultraviolet-visible (UV-Vis) absorption spectroscopy, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), fluorescence measurements, circular dichroism (CD) spectroscopy, zeta potential and dynamic light scattering (DLS) studies. These studies suggested that PL quenching mainly occurred through the oxidation of Au(0) atoms to Au(i) atoms in the core of BSA-Au NCs mediated by nitrite ions. The interference caused by certain species such as Hg(2+), Cu(2+), CN(-), S(2-), glutathione, cysteine, etc. during the nitrite determination by fluorescence quenching was eliminated by using masking agents and optimising the conditions. Based on these findings we proposed a BSA-Au NC-modified membrane based sensor which would be more convenient for the real life applications such as nitrite detection in urine samples. The BSA-Au NC-modified nitrocellulose membrane (NCM) enabled the detection of nitrite at a level as low as 100 nM in aqueous solutions. This Au NC-based paper probe was validated to exhibit good performance for nitrite analysis in environmental water and urine samples, which makes it useful in practical applications.

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“…The most frequent false-negatives are high levels of protein or glucose, use of boric acid preservatives or large amounts of ascorbic or oxalic acid [6]. The diagnostic yield of leukocyte esterase is good in patients with suspected UTI in correlation with bacteriuria, with sensitivity varying from 72% to 97.5% and specificity from 74.5% to 84.7% [26,27]. In association with UTI, a sensitivity of 64% and specificity of 73% has been documented.…”

Section: Leukocyte Esterase Testmentioning

confidence: 99%

Non-Microbiological Tests for the Diagnosis of Urinary Tract Infection

Nócua-Báez¹,

Cortés²

2024

Advances and Challenges in Urine Laboratory Analysis

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After clinical evaluation, suspicion of urinary tract infection might be modified by different tests that have the ability to augment (or diminish) the probability of a positive urinary culture and a confirmed diagnosis. In this review, we evaluate the possible role of different non microbiological test for the diagnosis of an urinary tract infection. Some of them might be easily available in the office or a busy emergency room, while others require more sophisticated infrastructure. Due to the high frequency of urinary tract infections, the diversity of symptoms, the difficulty of the diagnosis in some group of patients (e.g., older patients, those with dementia, etc.), and the lack of a gold standard, those non-microbiological tests might contribute to a correct diagnosis and a proper use of antibiotics in difficult cases.

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Diagnostic Value of Leukocyte esterase and Nitrite Tests for the Detection of Urinary TractInfection

Cited by 4 publications

References 4 publications

Diagnostic Value of Dipstick Test (Leukocyte Esterase and Nitrite) in Diagnosis of Urinary Tract Infection

Diagnostic Value of Dipstick Test (Leukocyte Esterase and Nitrite) in Diagnosis of Urinary Tract Infection

Nitrite ion-induced fluorescence quenching of luminescent BSA-Au₂₅nanoclusters: mechanism and application

Non-Microbiological Tests for the Diagnosis of Urinary Tract Infection

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Diagnostic Value of Leukocyte esterase and Nitrite Tests for the Detection of Urinary TractInfection

Cited by 4 publications

References 4 publications

Diagnostic Value of Dipstick Test (Leukocyte Esterase and Nitrite) in Diagnosis of Urinary Tract Infection

Diagnostic Value of Dipstick Test (Leukocyte Esterase and Nitrite) in Diagnosis of Urinary Tract Infection

Nitrite ion-induced fluorescence quenching of luminescent BSA-Au25nanoclusters: mechanism and application

Non-Microbiological Tests for the Diagnosis of Urinary Tract Infection

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Nitrite ion-induced fluorescence quenching of luminescent BSA-Au₂₅nanoclusters: mechanism and application