Diagnostic methods in animal trypanosomiasis

Molyneux, David

doi:10.1016/0304-4017(75)90003-5

Cited by 24 publications

(6 citation statements)

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“…All the age groups can be infected, and the disease can persist during several years in the diseased organisms. Different parasitological techniques, such as blood examination by light microscopy, were developed to detect the parasite in the blood of infected animals, and immunological techniques were tuned to circumvent the limitations of the parasitological techniques ( Molyneux, 1975 ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Serological survey and associated risk factors' analysis of Trypanosomiasis in camels from Southern Tunisia

Kalthoum

Monia

Ameni

et al. 2022

Parasite Epidemiology and Control

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Surra ( Trypanosoma evansi infection) is one of the main causes of dromedary ( Camelus dromedarius ) abortion, besides generating severe economic losses in herds. A sero-epidemiological survey was carried out between December 2018 and December 2019 in Southern Tunisia to estimate the seroprevalence of Trypanosoma evansi infection in camels and to determine its possible associated risk factors. Two-stage sampling was conducted to select breeders and camels targeted in our study. A total of 1205 blood samples were collected from 277 randomly selected farms belonging to six governorates of southern Tunisia. Sera were tested with the card agglutination test for Trypanosoma evansi (CATT/ T. evansi ) to detect the presence of anti- Trypanosoma. evansi antibodies. The overall individual and herd seroprevalence were 30.8% (95%CI 27.9–33.1%), 64.9% (95%CI 61.7–73), respectively. The seroprevalence of T. evansi infection both at the animal (26.2% (95%CI 21.4–30.9%) and herd level (84.4 (95%CI 76.3–92.5)) was higher in Kebili than in other governorates ( P = 0.003). At the animal level, the infection rate with T. evansi was significantly associated to the age group among camels ( P = 0.0008), production system ( P = 0.006), bioclimatic stage ( P = 0.02), and herd size ( P = 0.04) in the univariable analysis. Multivariable logistic regression indicated that only age group and herd size were potential risk factors associated with Trypanosoma evansi infection. However, no significant variation of the seroprevalence of T. evansi with the sex of camels, farm type, and previous trypanocidal treatment were detected ( P > 0.05). The findings of this study are crucial for this disease surveillance and control. Further investigations on the efficacy of the treatment against surra are needed to explain the persistence of the disease in the south of Tunisia.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Serological survey and associated risk factors' analysis of Trypanosomiasis in camels from Southern Tunisia

Kalthoum

Monia

Ameni

et al. 2022

Parasite Epidemiology and Control

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“…This parasite is pathogenic for domestic livestock, especially cattle, and infected animals show severe signs of organ damage, anaemia, weight loss, abortion and infertility (Molyneux & Ashford, 1983). Once infection has taken place, after transmission by the tsetse fly vector, rapidly dividing trypanosomes circulate within the bloodstream of mammalian hosts, protected from the immune response by their variable surface glycoprotein (VSG) coat (Vickerman, 1985;Boothroyd, 1985).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The interaction ofTrypanosoma congolensewith endothelial cells

1994

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SUMMARYFactors which affect adhesion of cultured Trypanosoma congolense bloodstream forms to mammalian feeder cells have been examined. Using an in vitro binding assay, the initial events following interaction of trypanosomes with bovine aorta endothelial (BAE) cells were monitored by both light-and electron microscopy. Metabolic inhibitors and other biochemicals were incubated with either cells or parasites, to test whether any inhibited the process. Our findings suggest that adhesion of the parasites is an active process requiring metabolic energy from the trypanosomes, but not from endothelial cells. We also provide data suggesting that T. congolense bloodstream forms possess a lectin-like domain, localized at distinct sites on their flagellar surface, which interacts with specific carbohydrate receptors, most likely sialic acid residues, on the endothelial cell plasma membrane. We also suggest that the cytoskeletal protein actin is probably involved in this interaction.

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“…The hematocrit centrifuge technique (Woo 1970, Betancourt & Julio 1979) is one of the most widely used among the parasitological methods, in which motile trypanosomes can be viewed between the leukocyte layer and the plasma. The technique allows for the detection of trypanosomes six to ten days before they are detected in a fresh drop or from thick smears (Molyneux 1975). Despite its ease of use, Woo's technique exhibits low sensitivity when applied during the chronic phase of the disease, and sensitivity decreases considerably when the parasitemia is below 200 parasites/ml.…”

Section: Diagnosis and Differential Diagnosismentioning

confidence: 99%