Diagnosis of Foot and Mouth Disease in Cattle and Buffaloes in Different Governorates of Egypt.

Abstract

Foot and Mouth Disease (FMD) is highly contagious disease affected cloven-hoofed animals which result in substantial economic losses. The present study was aimed to detect FMDV by different serological and molecular methods in cattle and buffaloes for providing an accurate and rapid diagnosis of FMD disease. 86 samples of tongue epithelium biopsies, fluid vesicles samples and saliva, as well as 86 coagulated and uncoagulated blood samples, were collected from 64 and 22 suspected cattle and buffaloes respectively in different governorates in Egypt, during August to December 2017. Serum samples were examined by 3ABC-ELISA for differentiating between infected and non-infected animals. While tissues biopsies and un-coagulated blood samples were examined by Sandwich ELISA, Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction (RT-PCR) as well as Real-Time Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction (rRT-PCR). FMDV porotypes were identified by rRT-PCR in suspected cattle and buffaloes samples to FMDV serotype A, O and SAT2 and results showed that 54 samples positive for FMDV different serotypes while FMDV serotype differentiation in tissues biopsy of cattle were 18 (28.12%), 12 (18.75%), 3 (4.68 %) and 4 (6.25%). Also, the positive results of tissue samples from buffaloes examined by RT-PCR were 9 (40.09 %), 4 (6.25%), 2 (9.09 %) and 2 (9.09 %) for O, SAT2, serotype A and mixed serotypes respectively by different tests. The rRT-PCR provided an accurate and rapid laboratory diagnosis of FMDV as well as RT-PCR, and 3ABC-ELISA were given nearly the same results. Although the rRT-PCR generated results in less than 6 h and this is an important feature when definitive diagnostic results required in a short timescale during emergencies. Also, this study demonstrated the current situation of circulation FMDV type A, O, and SAT2 serotypes in cattle and buffaloes in Egypt.

Detection of foot-and-mouth disease virus in raw milk in Menofia Governorate and its effect on reproductive hormones and physiochemical properties of milk

“…Differentiating between these two categories of animals is important during serological surveys to detect evidence of infection in vaccinated animals [17]. Lower results of FMD detection were reported by El-Rhman et al [11] and a nearly similar result was reported by Salem et al [18], while higher results were reported by Ibrahim1 et al [19] and Zeedan et al [20] who used FMD-3ABC to distinguish FMDV-infected or carrier animals from vaccinated animals in Egypt.…”

The prevalence of foot-and-mouth disease in Asia

“…FMD is endemic in Egypt with three distinct serotypes O, A, and SAT 2 (69,70). It was reported for the first time in 1950 by the World Reference Laboratory for Foot and Mouth Disease.…”

The efficacy of both locally prepared vaccines against foot and mouth disease in cattle in Monofeia governorate

“…FMDV strains O, A, and SAT-2 were commonly affecting buffalos and cattle in different Egyptian governorates at a period in the summer of 2017. FMDV is transboundary from neighbor countries or thorough the importation of carrier animals (Zeedan et al 2020).…”