Background: All concentrates given to camels were enriched in selenium (Se) mainly under selenite forms, but the impact on Se status especially on lactating female as well as the Se/antioxidant status of the she-camels milk needed further analysis. Aim: The current study aimed to compare between the efficacy of long-term prepartum injection of Se-vitamin E combination and that of multivitamins and their effects on post-calving clinical findings, serum steroid hormones, milk antioxidant indicators and milk somatic cell count (SCC) status, calf body weight and placental weight as well as vaginal wash isolates. Methods: The study was conducted on 3 groups of recently calved she-camels (n=45) from which two groups were previously subjected to 2 different long-term prepartum therapeutic regimens continued for 3 months, hence, the other group did not receive any treatment and was kept as a control one i.e. control lactating she-camels group (Cont-Lgr; n=15). A group received combination of vitamin E (ά-tocopherol) and Se and named vitamin E and Se treated lactating she-camels group (VitE^Se-Lgr; n=15). The last one received multivitamins and called multivitamins treated lactating she-camels group (Multi-Lgr; n=15). They were subjected to clinical and laboratory assays including milk antioxidant biomarkers [Total antioxidant capacity (TAC), Se and vitamin E] and milk SCC at days 14, 21 and 28 post-calving as well as steroids hormones and calf and placental weight were estimated at calving time (Day 0). Results and Conclusion: The study reported higher efficacy of Se-vitamin E combination comparing with that of multivitamins as a long-term prepartum injection in recently calved she-camels that was reflected through significant changes in steroids hormones i.e. progesterone (P4) and estradiol (E2), the milk antioxidant biomarkers and SCCs. Both two therapeutic regimens had more powerful effect than that the control one. The applied therapeutic supplements had no significant effect on clinical and haematological changes as well as calves’ body weights and placental weights. Body weights were significantly higher in male camel calves than those of female calves either in Cont-Lgr, VitE^Se-Lgr or Multi-Lgr.
Objective:
The objectives of our study were to determine the presence of Aflatoxin M1 (AFM1) in market milk in Aswan province, Egypt and studying the effect of addition of some strains of probiotics microorganisms on AFM1 level in milk.
Materials and Methods:
Between July and October 2018, 90 market milk samples (15 Ultra Heat Treated (UHT), 75 raw) were collected from different dairy shops in Aswan City, Egypt to be examined for AFM1 presence by rapid strip test and the results were confirmed by high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC).
Results:
The results revealed that all UHT milk samples were negative, while 37 (49%) raw milk samples were positive for AFM1 residues. All 37 positive milk samples were examined by HPLC to determine the level of AFM1. The results showed that the level of AFM1 ranged between 0.053 and 0.207 with mean ± SE of 0.1003 ± 0.008 ppb. Some probiotics strains were used to determine their effect on AFM1 by milk fermentation; the result showed that the probiotics have significant effect on the reduction of AFM1 level in milk (p < 0.05). Also, Public health importance of AFM1 was discussed.
Conclusion:
Presence of AFM1 in 49% of examined raw milk samples indicate widespread occurrence of AFM1 in market milk in Aswan province, Egypt which considered possible hazards for consumers, while the absence of AFM1 from UHT milk indicates that type of milk is safer. So, regular monitoring of AFM1 in market milk is necessary for evaluating their contamination status. Mixed starter culture of
Lactobacillus bulgaricus
and
Streptococcus thermophilus
could be used as a biological agent for the reduction of AFM1 in milk.
A total of 234 randomly selected milk samples from different sources (110, 50, 34 and 40 samples) from each of (market milk, collecting centers, bulk tank and UHT milk samples; respectively) were analyzed for detection the quinolones residues by rapid quinolones detection strip test. Results revealed that 17.3%, 14% and 20.6% of milk samples were positive for the quinolones residues for market milk, collecting centers and bulk tank milk samples; respectively, while not detected in UHT milk samples. The positive milk samples were subjected to HPLC analysis for quantitative detection of enrofloxacin residues, which were not detected in market milk and collecting centers milk samples while detected in one sample from bulk tank milk samples. The mean value of 2.94 ppb that not exceeded the maximum residual limit set by different international standards. Public health importance of enrofloxacin residues was discussed.
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