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Goats can be infected by multiple groups of external and internal parasites. Haemonchus spp. are among abomasal parasites that can result in higher mortality and several considerable economic losses in goats. Early detection of parasites and better understanding of the major risk factors associated with infection are among the main strategies for controlling the infection. Considering this, information on hemonchosis in goats from Egypt, and the contribution of goats in the maintenance of the epidemiological foci of the disease is limited. This study investigated the prevalence of Haemonchus species among 240 abomasum samples collected during postmortem examination of goat carcasses from Assiut Governorate, Egypt. Moreover, the association of the major risk factors to describe the epidemiological pattern of the disease was explored. This study demonstrated that 16.66% of abomasa samples harbored Haemonchus species. Additionally, age, sex, and sampling season were the most significant risk factors associated with infection. Following the variable factors under study, goats aged 1 year or older were at higher risk, with an infection rate of 22.14% (31 of 140), than those younger than 1 year (9%) [p = 0.008; odds ratio (OR) = 2.87; 95% confidence interval (CI), 1.30–6.35]. The infection rate was 25% (19 of 76) in males and 12.8% (21 of 164) in females [p = 0.024; odds ratio (OR) = 2.26; 95% confidence interval (CI), 1.13–4.53]. Moreover, the exposure to infection was higher in summer (22.22%) than in winter (8.33%) (p = 0.007; odds ratio (OR) = 0.318; 95% confidence interval (CI), 0.139–0.725). More importantly, three species of the parasite—Haemonchus contortus, Haemonchus placei, and Haemonchus longistipes—were identified for the first time, and the confirmation of the identification and morphological characterization of the worms was performed using light microscopy and SEM. Collectively, this study reveals interesting epidemiological, morphological, and morphometric findings associated with the occurrence of hemonchosis among goats in Egypt. This study suggests further research for exploring the major circulating species of the parasite in Egypt, which is mandatory for controlling the disease.

A hundred raw eggs samples randomly selected from Aswan university residence restaurant due to students' complain of bitter taste presence in the table eggs served to them during breakfast. The samples were examined physically and chemically for antibiotic residues and vitamins A, D3 levels concentration by Spectrophotometer. The result showed that all interior egg quality traits were normal except the presence of small blood spots in 5 eggs yolk, bitter taste were present in 18 eggs yolk, antimicrobial residues were detected in 19  eggs yolk and 4 eggs white. Antimicrobial residues positive samples were examined quantitatively by HPLC for Doxycycline (DC) residues presence. The results showed that 100% of examined samples having DC residues with means concentrations of 35±1.46 and 97±4.46 ppb for eggs white and yolk respectively. The mean levels of vitamin A and D3 in eggs yolk were 447±5.49 µg/100g and11±1.35 µg/100g respectively. The paper concludes that the high concentrations of Vitamins and Doxycycline may be the cause of bitter taste of egg.

These investigations were conducted to detect the residues of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, lead, and cadmium in the raw milk samples of lactating cows grazing around the Sugar Cane Factory. One hundred raw milk samples were collected from apparent healthy lactating cows during the rest and work periods of the Sugar Cane Factory. Detection of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons residue in milk samples was performed using a gas chromatography. Lead and cadmium levels in the milk samples were determined after digestion. Results revealed that benzo(a)anthracene and indeno(1,2,3-cd)pyrene (carcinogenic), and acenaphthylene and phenanthrene non-carcinogenic were detected only in the raw milk samples during the work period, while fluoranthene and benzo(a)pyrene were detected only during the rest period. However, chrysene and benzo(b) fluoranthene (carcinogenic) were detected in the milk at the rest and work periods of the Sugar Cane Factory. The highest levels of lead and cadmium were detected during the work period compared to the levels of lead and cadmium at rest. In conclusion, benzo(a)anthracene, indeno(1,2,3-cd)pyrene, acenaphthylene, and phenanthrene, lead and cadmium could be detected in cows’ milk which raised around the Sugar Cane Factory. Further investigations of these pollutants must be done in water, plants, air, and soil around this factory.

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