Diagnosis of bovine tuberculosis: review of main techniques

Abstract

Bovine tuberculosis (BTB) remains an important economic and zoonotic problem in Latin America. Traditionally, the fight against BTB is initiated by the implementation of routine diagnostic tests for certification of free properties. The diagnosis of BTB can be made by direct and indirect methods, in which we can mention clinical, post mortem, histopathological, immunological, bacteriological and molecular methods. The renewal of scientific interest in tuberculosis in recent year has led to develop and improve methods of diagnosis, prevention, control and eradication of BTB. The aim of this review is to present and discuss different diagnosis methods of BTB.Keywords: tuberculosis bovine, diagnosis, Mycobacterium bovis, new techniques. Diagnóstico de tuberculose bovina: revisão das principais técnicas ResumoA tuberculose bovina (BTB) continua sendo um importante problema econômico na América Latina, com potenciais consequências zoonóticas. Tradicionalmente, a luta contra a tuberculose bovina tem sido iniciada pela execução de testes de diagnóstico de rotina para a certificação de propriedades livres da doença. O diagnóstico de BTB pode ser feito através de métodos diretos e indiretos, nos quais podemos citar os métodos clínicos, post mortem, histopatológicos, imunológicos, bacteriológicos e moleculares. A renovação do interesse científico em tuberculose nos últimos anos tem levado à necessidade de desenvolver e melhorar os métodos de diagnóstico, prevenção, controle e erradicação da BTB. O objetivo deste artigo é analisar e discutir sobre os diferentes métodos de diagnóstico de BTB.Palavras-chave: tuberculose bovina, diagnóstico, Mycobacterium bovis, novas técnicas.

The clinical and serological diagnosis of Mycobacterium bovis in blood and milk serums of lactating cows by IDEXX ELISA test in Wasit and Dhi-Qar provinces/Iraq

“…[36][37][38][39] Historically, bTB is troublesome and tired to detect in depending, solely, on obvious symptoms particularly in advanced countries that had a low proportion of diseased cows with acutely intense infection, and the diagnosis is employ, mostly, through the tuberculin skin test or discovered after slaughter. 40,41 In early stages of infection, the clinical signs are not visible, but with advance stages, the signs begin to appear in depending on species of animal, point of entry, sites of localization, and the afflicted organs. 42 Many animals may be infected sub-clinically and remained asymptomatic until the development of disseminated lesions, or infected again with M. bovis; submitted to bad feeding, progress of age, and if undergo from more one infection by other pathogens.…”

Mycobacterial infections in carcasses of ruminants slaughtered at the two slaughterhouses of Kassala, Sudan

“…The consequential production losses from these infections include lower milk production, loss of body weight, and condemnation of infected organs and carcasses. Animal reproduction and breeding as well as livestock trade at national and international levels are directly and adversely affected by mycobacterial infections (Radostits et al, 2007;Ehsan and Nganwa, 2014;Ramos et al, 2015). TB and other mycobacterial infections are quite prevalent in dairy growing mycobacterium species have also been detected (Sulieman and Hamid, 2002;Oloya et al, 2007;Osman, 2007;Manal et al, 2010;Asil et al, 2013;Aljameel et al, 2014;Nalapa et al, 2017).…”

“…Several diagnostic techniques can be used to investigate TB prevalence in livestock and to understand better its epidemiology and dynamics (Ramos et al, 2015). Tuberculin skin test and postmortem inspection remain the most important and economically affordable techniques, especially in resource-limited countries (Schiller et al, 2010;Ramos et al, 2015).…”

“…Tuberculin skin test and postmortem inspection remain the most important and economically affordable techniques, especially in resource-limited countries (Schiller et al, 2010;Ramos et al, 2015). Recently, few studies have investigated the prevalence of TB-suggestive lesions in cattle carcasses in the central and western parts of Sudan (Osman, 2007;Manal et al, 2010;Asil et al, 2013;Ehsan and Nganwa, 2014;Aljameel et al, 2014).…”

Detection of Lipomannan in Cattle Infected with Bovine Tuberculosis

“…Additional tests have been introduced, but none of them have demonstrated the requisite simplicity, sensitivity and specificity to overcome the current limitations. 2,5,6 Therefore, rapid and sensitive blood-based detection methods for the early detection of bTB are clearly needed, and could eliminate stress to livestock, reduce economic burden and pave the way forward for the elimination of bTB in the national cattle herd of the United States and elsewhere.…”