The clinical and serological diagnosis of Mycobacterium bovis in blood and milk serums of lactating cows by IDEXX ELISA test in Wasit and Dhi-Qar provinces/Iraq

Abstract

Objectives This study was conducted to disclose the specific antibodies against M. bovis of bovine tuberculosis (bTB) in blood and milk serum samples, with detection of the most prevalent clinical signs in positive cows. Methods In some rural areas of two Iraqi provinces (Wasit and Dhi-Qar), 119 lactating cows were submitted to the clinical examination with obtaining of blood and milk to tested by using the IDEXX ELISA test. Results The overall seroprevalence in blood and milk was (20.16%) and (15.12%), respectively. In Wasit, the prevalence was (22.85%) and (15.71%), while in Dhi-Qar, the prevalence was (16.32%) and (14.28%) in blood and milk, respectively. As well as, marked significant differences in seroprevalence were observed between and within the two study's provinces and samples. According to clinical examination, a significant rising (P > 0.05) was revealed in respiratory disorders, decreasing in milk production, emaciation, rough hair coat and repetitive reproductive problems, whilst a significant decreasing (P < 0.05) in persistent feces abnormalities, mastitis, lymph nodes enlargement and loss of appetite. Conclusion The study demonstrated, for the first time in Iraq, the efficient of IDEXX ELISA, as a screening test in the detection of bTB in lactating cows by using blood and milk serum samples, and the competence of milk, as sample, in exhibition of infection. Also, the study exposed the high infection rate of bTB in cows of rural areas of Wasit and Dhi-Qar provinces.

Conventional and Molecular Detection of Mycobacterium Bovis in Aburden Angus Cattle and Human Contact in the New Valley Governorate, Egypt

“…On other hand, sheep and human samples were negative. Nearly similar results were obtained by Al-Fattli (2016) who reported that the overall seroprevalence in cattle was 20.16% using ELISA. However, higer results were observed by Asiak et al (2007) who concluded that 36.3% of cattle were TB positive by ELISA and 43.5% by (Hassanain et al, 2009).…”

Zoonotic Tuberculosis: A Neglected Disease in the Middle East and North Africa (MENA) Region

“…Notably, Iraq and Tunisia led the list of M. bovis prevalence in milk samples ( Table 1 ). Using the ELISA assay, a higher infection risk (20.2%) among lactating cows was found in rural areas of Waist and Dhi-Qar provinces, Iraq [ 53 ]. Despite the challenges in detection of M. bovis in milk samples, available data from the MENA region confirmed that this matrix represents an important source of zoonotic tuberculosis, because milk (1) is still commonly consumed raw, without pasteurization, in many rural regions and (2) is widely used in the manufacturing of popular dairy products such as cheese and yogurt [ 54 ].…”

Review on Bovine Tuberculosis: An Emerging Disease Associated with Multidrug-Resistant Mycobacterium Species

“…IDDEX™ ELISA is a commercial kit recognized by OIE for detection of bTB infection in blood and milk serum samples depending on detection of antibodies against MPB70 and MPB83 antigens. It is used in several studies: Al-Fattli in Iraq used it as a screening test and reported a seroprevalence of 20.16% and 15.12% in blood and milk of lactating cows, respectively [ 89 ]. However, Soares Filho et al recommended that IDDEX™ ELISA cannot be used as a single test for PM diagnosis of bTB because of its low sensitivity despite the test being able to detect eight positive samples that were negative on RT-PCR and culture [ 80 ].…”