Aim: This study aimed to confirm the clinically diagnosed cattle with lumpy skin disease (LSD) at Baghdad Province/Iraq from October 2018 to March 2019. Materials and Methods: Molecular polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and histopathology were applied for the detection of LSD among 71 infected cattle issued for slaughter. Results: Pre-slaughter clinical examination showed significant increases (p<0.05) in values of temperature (39.7±0.74°C), pulse (96.42±3.51), and respiratory (33.54±0.63) rates. Enlargement of lymph nodes (prescapular, supramammary, and prefemoral), lacrimation, mucopurulent nasal discharge, salivation, edema in limbs and head among severe infected cases, and marked fall in milk production was seen. An association of LSD to risk factors (age, gender, and areas) showed that there is significant elevation in prevalence of disease in >2-5 years (54.93%) rather than other age groups (>5 and <2 years) in females (73.24%) than males (26.76%); and in sub-rural (42.25%) and rural (39.44%) compared to urban (18.31%) areas. Postmortem examination appeared nodular lesions in upper parts of the digestive system (9.86%), rumen (2.82%), upper respiratory tracts (7.04%), and lung (4.23%). The PCR examination of P32 and thymidine kinase antigenic genes showed 90.14% and 60.56% positive samples, respectively. Histopathological analysis of nodular skin biopsies showed edema, hyperemia, acanthosis, severe hydropic degeneration, and hyperkeratosis in epidermis; whereas, mononuclear cell infiltration, inclusion bodies, and vasculitis seen in the dermis. Conclusion: PCR and histopathology assay could be a potential method to confirm the LSD infection concomitant with clinical examination.

Objectives This study was conducted to disclose the specific antibodies against M. bovis of bovine tuberculosis (bTB) in blood and milk serum samples, with detection of the most prevalent clinical signs in positive cows. Methods In some rural areas of two Iraqi provinces (Wasit and Dhi-Qar), 119 lactating cows were submitted to the clinical examination with obtaining of blood and milk to tested by using the IDEXX ELISA test. Results The overall seroprevalence in blood and milk was (20.16%) and (15.12%), respectively. In Wasit, the prevalence was (22.85%) and (15.71%), while in Dhi-Qar, the prevalence was (16.32%) and (14.28%) in blood and milk, respectively. As well as, marked significant differences in seroprevalence were observed between and within the two study's provinces and samples. According to clinical examination, a significant rising (P > 0.05) was revealed in respiratory disorders, decreasing in milk production, emaciation, rough hair coat and repetitive reproductive problems, whilst a significant decreasing (P < 0.05) in persistent feces abnormalities, mastitis, lymph nodes enlargement and loss of appetite. Conclusion The study demonstrated, for the first time in Iraq, the efficient of IDEXX ELISA, as a screening test in the detection of bTB in lactating cows by using blood and milk serum samples, and the competence of milk, as sample, in exhibition of infection. Also, the study exposed the high infection rate of bTB in cows of rural areas of Wasit and Dhi-Qar provinces.

It has been a busy year for coronaviruses, with the most recent one causing severe coronavirus illness in 2019 . It is broadly distributed in many human tissues and organs as the potential SARS-CoV-2 receptor angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2). ACE2 provides homeostatic modulation of circulation angiotensin II levels by acting as a physiological counterbalance to ACE. They have been linked to COVID-19 disease acquisition, progression, and severity. As a result, we investigated how ACE2 variations and epigenetic variables affect SARS-CoV-2 infection susceptibility and infection outcomes in terms of age, gender, and ethnicity. Debates raged over the etiology of this occurrence. It is important to note that further research is required to demonstrate the efficacy of human recombinant ACE2 and ACE2-derived peptides in fighting SARSCoV-2 variants. Better recognition of a host genetic, as well as the function of the properties of ACE2 variations, would assist in explaining clinical disparities of infection between individuals and contribute to the development of remedies and managing future SARS-CoV-2 epidemics, an essential function for ACE2 in essential hypertension (EH). We wanted to see how ACE2 gene polymorphisms and enzyme activity correlated with COVID-19 incidence in the Iraqi province of Al-Diwaniya. A total of 63 COVID-19 patients and 70 (NT) controls were genotyped using Sequenom Mass-ARRAY RS1000 for ACE2. Participants' ACE2 rs1514283 SNP was linked to COVID-19.

This study which designed to evaluate the inhibitory effect of Ethanolic extract of (Quercusrobur) and Zinc oxide nanoparticles on the growth of one genus of enterobacteriacae (Salmonella). In vitro. For this purpose graduate concentrates for plant extract (50, 100, 200, 400 )mg/ml which prepared and compared with Zinc oxide nanoparticles of different concentration (2, 1, 0.5, 0.25) μg/ml,and examined. The result showed that the studied medicinal plant has antibacterial activity against this bacteria which used. The result showed that the plant has good activity in decrease the growth of this bacteria. The results of the study also showed that the nano-ZnO has very effective antibacterial action against the studied bacteria which was Salmonella,nanoparticles concentrations lead to increasing in the inhibition zones of tested bacterial growth. We also study the effect of three antibiotics Lomefloxacin (LOM), Ciprofloxacin (SIP) and Rifampin (RA) and the result showed,in a comparison within the tested bacteria,Salmonella had a significant inhibition increase in Lomefloxacin ; the ciprofloxacin showed effect on tested bacteria. However,Rifampin does not show any effect on tested bacteria.