Diabetic Retinopathy in African Americans: Vision Impairment, Prevalence, Incidence, and Risk Factors

Baker, Richard S.

doi:10.1097/00004397-200304340-00011

Cited by 8 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 67 publications

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“…18 Comparable population-based data are not available for Hispanic Americans, but it is likely that relative risk of blindness or visual impairment due to diabetes for this population group is comparable to or greater than for African Americans. 33 Previous research with a large number of Hispanic and African Americans showed that minority people with diabetes are not receiving appropriate vision care, and they are therefore suffering from more diabetic retinopathy.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…16,17 Lack of timely ophthalmic examination and diagnosis among racial/ ethnic minorities has been demonstrated to be associated with advanced stage of disease at presentation and poor clinical outcome for both glaucoma and diabetic eye disease. 12,18,19 The role that factors such as access to care, delivery of care, socioeconomic status, health beliefs, and health status may be playing with respect to the suboptimal utilization of vision-saving eye care among minority population is unclear. 20 To begin to address our lack of understanding of the determinants of receiving timely vision care among minority and socioeconomically disadvantaged individuals, we examined data derived from a population-based survey of residents of urban public housing.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Access to Vision Care in an Urban Low-Income Multiethnic Population

Baker

Bazargan

Bazargan‐Hejazi

et al. 2005

Ophthalmic Epidemiology

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This study documents significantly diminished utilization of eye care services relative to recommended guidelines for a low-income, predominately minority sample of residents from public housing communities. We documented no association between presence of diabetes or hypertension and recency of eye examination. Affordability, continuity, and regular sources of care, as well as receiving physician advice, remain the core factors significantly associated with receiving vision care. These results underscore the need for continued efforts to ensure that the medically underserved minority have access to vision care services. These findings also point toward the urgent need for educational and motivational interventions that encourage health care providers serving underserved communities to promote eye examination, particularly among diabetic patients, hypertensive patients, and other individuals at risk for eye-related disease and complications.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Access to Vision Care in an Urban Low-Income Multiethnic Population

Baker

Bazargan

Bazargan‐Hejazi

et al. 2005

Ophthalmic Epidemiology

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“…In fact, DR is one of the most common causes of visual loss in working age adults. 1 – 4 An underlying cause of vision-threatening DR pathologies is thought to be retinal hypoxia 5 due to nonperfusion of the retinal capillaries during the progression of the disease. 5 – 9 Currently, there are no clinical methods available to measure retinal tissue oxygen content.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Relating Retinal Vascular Oxygen Saturation and Microvasculature Morphology at Progressive Stages of Diabetic Retinopathy

Auvazian

Cano

Leahy

et al. 2021

Trans. Vis. Sci. Tech.

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Purpose Diabetic retinopathy (DR) is a common cause of vision loss in working age adults and presents changes in retinal vessel oxygenation and morphology. The purpose of this study was to test the hypothesis that there is an association of retinal vessel oxygen saturation with vessel density (VD) and tortuosity in DR. Methods Ninety-five subjects were classified in the following groups: nondiabetic control ( N = 25), no DR ( N = 28), mild nonproliferative DR (NPDR; N = 21), moderate to severe NPDR ( N = 14), or treated proliferative DR (PDR; N = 7). Retinal oximetry was performed to measure arterial and venous oxygen saturation (SO 2A and SO 2V ) and calculate oxygen extraction fraction (OEF). Optical coherence tomography angiography (OCTA) was performed for measurements of VD and vessel tortuosity index (VTI). Results There were statistically significant differences in SO 2A and SO 2V among groups ( P < 0.004). SO 2A and SO 2V were higher in the PDR group compared to the control group and SO 2V was also higher in the moderate to severe NPDR group. VD differed significantly among groups ( P = 0.003), whereas VTI was not significantly different ( P = 0.22). Compared to the control group, VD was lower in moderate to severe NPDR and PDR groups. VD was also lower in the PDR group than that in the no DR group ( P = 0.03). There was a significant correlation of VTI with SO 2V (r = 0.32, P = 0.002) and OEF (r = −0.35, P = 0.001). Conclusions Retinal vessel morphology, oxygenation, and tissue oxygen extraction were associated with each other in a cohort of subjects with and without DR. Translational Relevance The findings of this study have the potential to improve clinical management of DR by providing better understanding of human disease pathophysiology and propelling future studies to identify multiple image-based biomarkers for improved disease diagnosis and monitoring.

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