Access to Vision Care in an Urban Low-Income Multiethnic Population

Baker, Richard S.; Bazargan, Mohsen; Bazargan‐Hejazi, Shahrzad; Calderón, José Luis Pontijas

doi:10.1080/09286580590921330

Cited by 90 publications

(56 citation statements)

References 24 publications

(18 reference statements)

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“…Whenever possible, the efficacy, cost effectiveness, and appropriate methodologies of screening should be established and implemented among the subpopulations most in need. 42 Periodic, national, point-prevalence data are needed with objective measurements of visual acuity and cause-specific disease. As technologies and treatments develop and demographics and the environment change, we need timely data and fast and efficient methods to detect new trends.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Vision Health Disparities in the United States by Race/Ethnicity, Education, and Economic Status: Findings From Two Nationally Representative Surveys

Zhang

Cotch

Ryskulova

et al. 2012

American Journal of Ophthalmology

207

155

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Purpose To assess vision health disparities in the United States by race/ethnicity, education, and economic status. Design Cross-sectional, nationally representative samples Methods We used national survey data from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) and the National Health Interview Survey (NHIS). Main outcome measures included, from NHANES, age-related eye diseases (i.e., age-related macular degeneration [AMD], cataract, diabetic retinopathy [DR], glaucoma) and from NHIS, eye care use (i.e., eye doctor visits and cannot afford eyeglasses when needed) among those with self-reported visual impairment. The estimates were age- and sex-standardized to the 2000 US census population. Linear trends in the estimates were assessed by weighted least squares regression. Results Non-Hispanic whites had a higher prevalence of AMD and cataract surgery than non-Hispanic blacks, but a lower prevalence of DR and glaucoma (all P < 0.001 in NHANES 2005–2008). From 1999 to 2008, individuals with less education (i.e., < high school vs. > high school) and lower income (poverty income ratio [PIR] < 1.00 vs. ≥4.00) were consistently less likely to have had an eye care visit in the past 12 months compared with their counterparts (all P < 0.05). During this period, inability to afford needed eyeglasses increased among non-Hispanic whites and Hispanics (trend P = 0.004 and P = 0.007; respectively), those with high school education (trend P = 0.036), and those with PIR 1.00–1.99 (trend P < 0.001). Conclusions Observed vision health disparities suggest a need for educational and innovative interventions among socioeconomically disadvantaged groups.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Vision Health Disparities in the United States by Race/Ethnicity, Education, and Economic Status: Findings From Two Nationally Representative Surveys

Zhang

Cotch

Ryskulova

et al. 2012

American Journal of Ophthalmology

207

155

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

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“…Complex behavior in seeking and receiving eye care services may be embedded in socioeconomic determinants, and more research needs to be done to confirm those findings. [80–82]…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Social inequalities in blindness and visual impairment: A review of social determinants

Ulldemolins

Lansingh

València

et al. 2012

Indian J Ophthalmol

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Health inequities are related to social determinants based on gender, socioeconomic status, ethnicity, race, living in a specific geographic region, or having a specific health condition. Such inequities were reviewed for blindness and visual impairment by searching for studies on the subject in PubMed from 2000 to 2011 in the English and Spanish languages. The goal of this article is to provide a current review in understanding how inequities based specifically on the aforementioned social determinants on health influence the prevalence of visual impairment and blindness. With regards to gender inequality, women have a higher prevalence of visual impairment and blindness, which cannot be only reasoned based on age or access to service. Socioeconomic status measured as higher income, higher educational status, or non-manual occupational social class was inversely associated with prevalence of blindness or visual impairment. Ethnicity and race were associated with visual impairment and blindness, although there is general confusion over this socioeconomic position determinant. Geographic inequalities and visual impairment were related to income (of the region, nation or continent), living in a rural area, and an association with socioeconomic and political context was suggested. While inequalities related to blindness and visual impairment have rarely been specifically addressed in research, there is still evidence of the association of social determinants and prevalence of blindness and visual impairment. Additional research should be done on the associations with intermediary determinants and socioeconomic and political context.

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“…[25,26] When marginalized groups located in urban areas from developed countries are studied, access to eye care is substantially higher. [27] The majority of quilombolas evaluated by ophthalmologists (67%) needed some sort of ophthalmologic intervention, from prescription of refractive lenses to specialized clinic or surgery. Prevalence of blind people among quilombolas was very elevated (6.7%), higher than the global and Latin American indexes (respectively 1.9% and 1.8%).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Ocular Findings in a Brazilian Rural Slave-Descendant Community: Eye Health in Quilombos

Oliveira¹,

Leitão²,

Carvalho³

et al. 2016

Int Arch Med

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Purpose: To report ophthalmological findings from one quilombo remnant population, a Brazilian marginalized rural and slave-descendant community.Methods: Descriptive study of eye health from one of the largest quilombo communities in Brazil, located in Conceição das Crioulas, Pernambuco. Ophthalmic exam including visual acuity, refractive examination, biomicroscopy, fundus examination, tonometry and pachymetry was performed in a convenience sample of 255 residents over 40 years-old, representing approximately one third of the population in this age range.Results: Half of the subjects had never been examined by an ophthalmologist in their lives. Blindness was identified in 6.7% of participants and low vision in 8.6%. Visual impairment was caused mainly by cataract and uncorrected refractive errors. Cataract was found in 27.3% of subjects. Ametropia was documented in 71% of participants and the most prevalent refraction error was hyperopia. Prevalence of glaucoma and age-related macular degeneration were respectively 5.4% and 1.9%. Pterygium was detected in 26.7% of participants. Correcting lenses were prescribed to 57.4% of individuals, 5.5% were referred for surgery, 2.7% to specialized clinics and 1.2% to additional tests. Conclusions:Blindness, cataract and pterygium were highly frequent in quilombo residents, and distribution of other ocular diseases were close to average published rates. Data collected may help planning preventive and promotive actions for eye health of socioeconomic disadvantaged quilombo populations.

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Access to Vision Care in an Urban Low-Income Multiethnic Population

Cited by 90 publications

References 24 publications

Vision Health Disparities in the United States by Race/Ethnicity, Education, and Economic Status: Findings From Two Nationally Representative Surveys

Vision Health Disparities in the United States by Race/Ethnicity, Education, and Economic Status: Findings From Two Nationally Representative Surveys

Social inequalities in blindness and visual impairment: A review of social determinants

Ocular Findings in a Brazilian Rural Slave-Descendant Community: Eye Health in Quilombos

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