Apolipoprotein E Gene Polymorphisms Are Not Associated With Diabetic Retinopathy: The Atherosclerosis Risk in Communities Study

Liew, Gerald; Shankar, Anoop; Wang, Jie Jin; Klein, Ronald; Bray, Molly S.; Couper, David J.; Wong, Tien Yin

doi:10.1016/j.ajo.2006.02.054

Cited by 12 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 27 publications

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“…Subtypes of apoE have been implicated in Alzheimer's disease, cardiovascular disease, and T2DM (38,39). A previous study has shown that apoE gene polymorphisms are not associated with DR (40). In this study, we found that apoE was a risk for DR (OR = 1.30, p < 0.001); however, this result was not further confirmed by multiple variable logistic analysis (OR = 1.02, p = 0.848).…”

Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 84%

Plasma Apolipoproteins Predicting the Occurrence and Severity of Diabetic Retinopathy in Patients With Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus

et al. 2022

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ObjectiveApolipoproteins are amphipathic molecules and the major components of plasma lipoproteins. This study aims to investigate the effects of dysregulated apolipoprotein (apo) profiles and their ratios on type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) and diabetic retinopathy (DR) further to test the hypothesis that altered serum level of apolipoproteins is strong biomarkers for DR.Research Design and MethodsThis case-control study consists of 157 patients with T2DM including DM without DR, non-proliferative DR (NPDR), and proliferative DR (PDR). Fifty-eight age- and sex-matched healthy subjects were enrolled as normal controls. Blood biochemistry profile including serum levels of glucose, glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c), lipid profile [total cholesterol (TC), Triglycerides (TG), high and low-density lipoprotein (HDL-C and LDL-C)] was estimated. Apolipoproteins (apos, A-I, A-II, B, C-II, C-III, and E) was evaluated by protein chips (Luminex technology). Apolipoprotein ratios and arteriosclerosis-associated plasma indices were calculated. The Kruskal–Wallis test, independent sample t-test or Mann–Whitney U test, and multivariate regression analysis were performed to investigate the association of serum lipid biomarkers and the DR severity.ResultsSerum level of apoA-I was negatively correlated with TC-(HDL-C)/HDL-C (p < 0.001), fasting glucose (p < 0.001), HbA1c (p < 0.001), and (p<0.001), while apoE, apoC-II/apoC-III, apoA-II/apoA-I were positively correlated with above traditional biomarkers (p < 0.001). Single variable logistic analysis results showed that body mass index (BMI) (p = 0.023), DM duration (p < 0.001), apoE (p < 0.001), apoC-II/apo C-III (p < 0.001), apoE/apoC-II (p < 0.001), atherogenic index (p = 0.013), fasting glucose (p < 0.001), HbA1c (p < 0.001), LPA (p = 0.001), and LDL-C/HDL-C (p = 0.031) were risk factors for the occurrence and severity of DR. Multivariate logistic regression mode showed that apoC-II/apoC-III and apoB/non–HDL-C (p < 0.001) as well as apoE/apoC-II (p = 0.001) were the independent risk factors for the occurrence and severity of DR—apopA-I and apoA-II are protective factors for DR—after controlling for the duration of DM, HbA1c, fasting glucose, and LPA.ConclusionsapoE, apoC-II/apoC-III, apoE/apoC-II, and apoB/non–HDL-C could be used as novel biomarkers for occurrence and severity of DR, whereas apoA-I and apoA-II resulted as protective factors for DR.

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Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 84%

Plasma Apolipoproteins Predicting the Occurrence and Severity of Diabetic Retinopathy in Patients With Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus

et al. 2022

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“…Recently, Yaun et al [65] reported that the ε4 may be a latent risk factor in developing primary glaucoma in Chinese population. On the other hand Liew et al [82] Genotype Pseudoexfoliation (N=51) Control (N=200) found a weak association between APOE ε4 and retinal microvascular degeneration. Contrary to these findings a decrease risk of NTG in Chinese [59,60] and POAG in Japanese with ε4 allele [64] has been reported, whereas some investigators reported no link between APOE polymorphism and glaucoma [61,62].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 93%

The Role of Apolipoprotein E Gene Polymorphisms in Primary Glaucoma and Pseudoexfoliation Syndrome

Dabbagh¹,

Al-Saleh²,

Dohayan³

et al. 2013

Glaucoma - Basic and Clinical Aspects

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“…Their results suggest that the epsilon4 allele of the ApoE gene is a potential risk factor for the severity of retinal hard exudate and visual loss in type 2 diabetic Mexican patients with DR. In contrast, the study by Liew et al showed that ApoE gene polymorphisms were not associated with DR in either Caucasians or African-Americans with type 2 diabetes [52]. Klein et al studied 409 patients with type 1 diabetes in the DCCT/EDIC cohort to investigate the associations of ApoC3 protein and ApoC3 gene variation with microvascular disease complications in type 1 diabetes [53].…”

Section: Associations With Nontraditional Lipid Markersmentioning

confidence: 98%

Dyslipidemia and Diabetic Retinopathy

Chang

2013

Rev Diabet Stud

100

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■ AbstractDiabetic retinopathy (DR) is one of the major microvascular complications of diabetes. In developed countries, it is the most common cause of preventable blindness in diabetic adults. Dyslipidemia, a major systemic disorder, is one of the most important risk factors for cardiovascular disease. Patients with diabetes have an increased risk of suffering from dyslipidemia concurrently. The aim of this article is to review the association between diabetic retinopathy (DR) and traditional/nontraditional lipid markers, possible mechanisms involving lipid metabolism and diabetic retinopathy, and the effect of lipid-lowering therapies on diabetic retinopathy. For traditional lipid markers, evidence is available that total cholesterol and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol are associated with the presence of hard exudates in patients with DR. The study of nontraditional lipid markers is advancing only in recently years. The severity of DR is inversely associated with apolipoprotein A1 (ApoA1), whereas ApoB and the ApoB-to-ApoA1 ratio are positively associated with DR. The role of lipid-lowering medication is to work as adjunctive therapy for better control of diabetes-related complications including DR.

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Apolipoprotein E Gene Polymorphisms Are Not Associated With Diabetic Retinopathy: The Atherosclerosis Risk in Communities Study

Cited by 12 publications

References 27 publications

Plasma Apolipoproteins Predicting the Occurrence and Severity of Diabetic Retinopathy in Patients With Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus

Plasma Apolipoproteins Predicting the Occurrence and Severity of Diabetic Retinopathy in Patients With Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus

The Role of Apolipoprotein E Gene Polymorphisms in Primary Glaucoma and Pseudoexfoliation Syndrome

Dyslipidemia and Diabetic Retinopathy

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