Di(2-ethylhexyl) adipate plasticizer triggers hepatic, brain, and cardiac injury in rats: Mitigating effect of Peganum harmala oil

Behairy, Amany; El-Rahman, Ghada I. Abd; Aly, Sanaa Shaker; Fahmy, Esraa M.; Abd‐Elhakim, Yasmina M.

doi:10.1016/j.ecoenv.2020.111620

Cited by 18 publications

(16 citation statements)

References 98 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…In agreement with the photochemical results of the two VFs, the diversity and the richness of the two VFs in volatile compounds can explain their antifungal potential. Indeed, the main active compounds of the VFs of C. althaeoides L. roots were n -hexadecenoic acid [ 23 ], bis (2-ethylhexyl) adipate [ 24 ], benzyl alcohol [ 25 ] and linoleic acid [ 26 ] which are known as antifungal agents. In fact, it was reported previously that the n -hexadecanoic acid or palmitic acid, a saturated fatty acid, abundant compound in VF1 and VF2, showed antifungal activities against mycelial growth and spore production reaching 37.20% and 71.70% by 2 mM concentration [ 27 ], respectively.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Indeed, the high amounts of fatty acids and terpenoids were attributed to a better anti-biofilm activity [ 36 , 37 ]. n -Hexadecanoic acid (C 16 H 32 O 2 ), namely, palmitic acid, a saturated long-chain fatty acid with a 16-carbon backbone [ 23 ]; cuminaldehyde (C 10 H 12 O), a benzaldehyde substituted by an isopropyl group at position 4 [ 38 ]; linoleic acid (C 18 H 32 O 2 ), an octadecadienoic acid in which the two double bonds are at positions 9 and 12 and have Z (cis) stereochemistry [ 39 ]; and benzyl alcohol (C 7 H 8 O), an aromatic alcohol that consists of benzene bearing a single hydroxymethyl substituent [ 25 ] were the main compounds present in these fractions that were associated with anti-biofilm activities. The synergistic effects of such compounds might be responsible for the observed anti-biofilm activity [ 40 ].…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Chemical Composition, Antifungal and Anti-Biofilm Activities of Volatile Fractions of Convolvulus althaeoides L. Roots from Tunisia

et al. 2022

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

The antifungal drugs currently available and mostly used for the treatment of candidiasis exhibit the phenomena of toxicity and increasing resistance. In this context, plant materials might represent promising sources of antifungal agents. The aim of this study is to evaluate for the first time the chemical content of the volatile fractions (VFs) along with the antifungal and anti-biofilm of Convolvulus althaeoides L. roots. The chemical composition was determined by gas chromatography coupled to a flame ionization detector and mass spectrometry. In total, 73 and 86 chemical compounds were detected in the n-hexane (VF1) and chloroform (VF2) fractions, respectively. Analysis revealed the presence of four main compounds: n-hexadecenoic acid (29.77%), 4-vinyl guaiacol (12.2%), bis(2-ethylhexyl)-adipate (9.69%) and eicosane (3.98%) in the VF extracted by hexane (VF1). n-hexadecenoic acid (34.04%), benzyl alcohol (7.86%) and linoleic acid (7.30%) were the main compounds found in the VF extracted with chloroform (VF2). The antifungal minimum inhibitory concentrations (MICs) of the obtained fractions against Candida albicans, Candida glabrata and Candida tropicalis were determined by the micro-dilution technique and values against Candida spp. ranged from 0.87 to 3.5 mg/mL. The biofilm inhibitory concentrations (IBF) and sustained inhibition (BSI) assays on C. albicans, C. glabrata and C. tropicalis were also investigated. The VFs inhibited biofilm formation up to 0.87 mg/mL for C. albicans, up to 1.75 mg/mL against C. glabrata and up to 0.87 mg/mL against C. tropicalis. The obtained results highlighted the synergistic mechanism of the detected molecules in the prevention of candidosic biofilm formation.

show abstract

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Chemical Composition, Antifungal and Anti-Biofilm Activities of Volatile Fractions of Convolvulus althaeoides L. Roots from Tunisia

et al. 2022

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…Activities of ALT and AST are routinely measured as diagnostic tools in assessing hepatocellular injury ( Abo-EL-Sooud et al, 2018 ; Abd-Elhakim et al, 2019 ; Behairy et al, 2020a ). The significant increase in ALT and AST levels in BLD-injected rats in the current study is in agreement with the earlier findings of Neamat-Allah (2014) in veal calves.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Boldenone Undecylenate-Mediated Hepatorenal Impairment by Oxidative Damage and Dysregulation of Heat Shock Protein 90 and Androgen Receptors Expressions: Vitamin C Preventive Role

Behairy¹,

Mohamed²,

Ebraheim³

et al. 2021

Front. Pharmacol.

Self Cite

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Boldenone Undecylenate (BLD) is a synthetic derivative of testosterone and a widely used anabolic androgenic steroid. The health risk of BLD use as a pharmaceutical or dietary supplement is still underestimated and under-reported. Vitamin C (VC) has been recognized as an antioxidant with prominent hepatorenal protective effects. This study investigated the possible preventive activity of VC against BLD-induced hepatorenal damage. Forty adult male Wistar rats were classified into five groups: control, vehicle control, VC (orally given 120 mg/kg b. wt./day), BLD (intramuscularly injected 5 mg/kg b. wt./week), and BLD + VC-treated groups. The experiment continued for eight weeks. Serum levels of alanine aminotransferase (ALT) and aspartate aminotransferase (AST) were measured. Serum contents of total protein (TP), albumin (ALB), globulin, total cholesterol (TC), triglycerides (TG), high-density lipoprotein-cholesterol (HDL-C), low-density lipoprotein-cholesterol (LDL-C), and very-low-density lipoprotein–cholesterol (VLDL-C) were also assayed. Urea, creatinine, and uric acid levels were determined together with sodium and potassium electrolytes measuring. Moreover, oxidative stress indicators including reduced glutathione (GSH), glutathione peroxidase (GPx), glutathione-S-transferase (GST), and glutathione reductase (GSR) as well as malondialdehyde (MDA) levels were measured in both hepatic and renal tissues. Corresponding histological examination of renal and hepatic tissues was conducted. Besides, immunohistochemical evaluations for androgen receptors protein (AR) and heat shock protein 90 (Hsp 90) expressions were performed. BLD caused significant rises in serum ALT, AST, TP, ALB, TC, TG, LDL-C, VLDL-C, urea, creatinine, uric acid, potassium, and MDA levels. Further, BLD-injected rats showed significant declines in the serum levels of HDL-C, sodium, GSH, GPx, GST, and GSR. Besides, distinct histopathological perturbations were detected in renal and hepatic tissues of BLD-injected rats. AR and Hsp 90 immunoexpression were increased in hepatic and renal tissues. In contrast, VC significantly reversed the BLD-induced hepatorenal damage in co-treated rats but not ameliorated AR protein overexpression. VC could be an efficient preventive supplement for mitigating BLD-induced hepatorenal damage, possibly via controlling oxidative stress events.

show abstract

“…When used for a long duration (60 days) or at a high dose (2000 mg/kg bwt), DEHA might induce visible tissue damage. 24 TOTM and its corresponding metabolite (monooctyltrimellitate, MOTM) did not show any cytotoxicity. 12 Notwithstanding, in vitro disruption of steroidogenesis was observed owing to TOTM exposure.…”

mentioning

confidence: 92%

“…DEHA induced damaging effects on the brain, heart, and liver tissues due to oxidative stress, inflammation, and apoptosis. When used for a long duration (60 days) or at a high dose (2000 mg/kg bwt), DEHA might induce visible tissue damage . TOTM and its corresponding metabolite (monooctyltrimellitate, MOTM) did not show any cytotoxicity .…”

mentioning

confidence: 94%

Rebuttal to Comment on “Alternative Plasticizers As Emerging Global Environmental and Health Threat: Another Regrettable Substitution?” Focus on DINCH as an Example

Qadeer

Kirsten

Ajmal

et al. 2022

Environ. Sci. Technol.

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Di(2-ethylhexyl) adipate plasticizer triggers hepatic, brain, and cardiac injury in rats: Mitigating effect of Peganum harmala oil

Cited by 18 publications

References 98 publications

Chemical Composition, Antifungal and Anti-Biofilm Activities of Volatile Fractions of Convolvulus althaeoides L. Roots from Tunisia

Chemical Composition, Antifungal and Anti-Biofilm Activities of Volatile Fractions of Convolvulus althaeoides L. Roots from Tunisia

Boldenone Undecylenate-Mediated Hepatorenal Impairment by Oxidative Damage and Dysregulation of Heat Shock Protein 90 and Androgen Receptors Expressions: Vitamin C Preventive Role

Rebuttal to Comment on “Alternative Plasticizers As Emerging Global Environmental and Health Threat: Another Regrettable Substitution?” Focus on DINCH as an Example

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About