P lasticizers are synthetic chemicals that are commonly used in polyvinyl chloride (PVC) based products, food packaging, children's toys, medical devices, and adhesives. There are about 30 000 chemicals can potentially be utilized as plasticizers. 1 Phthalate plasticizers are a commonly utilized compound, comprising up to 85% of the total plasticizers in the market. 1 Phthalate plasticizers have been regarded as hazardous compounds due to numerous reports based on its toxicological effects, including bioaccumulation potential, endocrine disruption, carcinogenicity, and developmental defects. 1−4 These findings resulted in global regulation measures and control of typical phthalate plasticizers 5−7 and the introduction and mass production of alternative plasticizers (APs), including but not limited to adipates, benzoates, phosphate esters, citrates, sebacates, terephthalates, trimellitates, cyclohexane dicarboxylic acids, and biobased alternatives. 5,8 The shift to incorporate APs without completely understanding their toxicities may have similar detrimental impacts, akin to phthalate plasticizers.Regrettable substitution has an extensive historical narrative and is still a common occurrence (Table 1), resulting in negative repercussions on public health and environment. For instance, Bisphenol A (BPA) (first made in 1891 by Alexander Dianin), which was commonly applied during the production of polycarbonate plastic, was replaced with various bisphenols (BPS, BPP, BPZ, and BPF, to name a few) 9 due to many reports of its toxicities (e.g., neurocognitive disabilities. reproductive, and developmental defects). 9,10 Subsequently, substitute bisphenols (BPS, BPP, BPZ) have been found to have similar toxicities (endocrine disruptor) or, in some cases, worse. 11,12 The well-known toxic chemical DDT (dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethane)defects includes developmental issues, endocrine disruption and cancer to name a fewwas replaced with
