Device-to-Device Communication in Cellular Networks: A Survey

Abstract

Abstract-A constant need to increase the network capacity for meeting the growing demands of the subscribers has led to the evolution of cellular communication networks from the first generation (1G) to the fifth generation (5G). There will be billions of connected devices in the near future. Such a large number of connections are expected to be heterogeneous in nature, demanding higher data rates, lesser delays, enhanced system capacity and superior throughput. The available spectrum resources are limited and need to be flexibly used by the mobile network operators (MNOs) to cope with the rising demands. An emerging facilitator of the upcoming high data rate demanding next generation networks (NGNs) is device-to-device (D2D) communication. An extensive survey on device-to-device (D2D) communication has been presented in this paper, including the plus points it offers; the key open issues associated with it like peer discovery, resource allocation etc, demanding special attention of the research community; some of its integrant technologies like millimeter wave D2D (mmWave), ultra dense networks (UDNs), cognitive D2D, handover procedure in D2D and its numerous use cases. Architecture is suggested aiming to fulfill all the subscriber demands in an optimal manner. The Appendix mentions some ongoing standardization activities and research projects of D2D communication.Index Terms-Mobile network operators (MNOs), peer discovery, ultra dense networks (UDNs), millimeter wave (mmWave), next generation networks (NGNs), device-to-device (D2D) communication I. INTRODUCTIONoday the number of hand-held devices is drastically increasing, with a rising demand for higher data rate applications. In order to meet the needs of the next generation applications, the present data rates need a refinement. The fifth generation (5G) networks are expected and will have to fulfill these rising demands. A competent technology of the next generation networks (NGNs) is Deviceto-Device (D2D) Communication, which is expected to play an indispensable role in the approaching era of wireless communication. The use of D2D communication did not gain much importance in the previous generations of wireless communication, but in 5G networks, it is expected to be a vital part. The rising trends between the devices, enhance spectral efficiency and system capacity [2], with reduced latency within the networks. Such a technique is essential for fulfilling the chief goals of the mobile network operators (MNOs).D2D communication allows communication between two devices, without the participation of the Base Station (BS), or the evolved NodeB (eNB). Proximate devices can directly communicate with each other by establishing direct links. Due to the small distance between the D2D users, it supports power saving within the network, which is not possible in case of conventional cellular communication.It promises improvement in energy efficiency, throughput and delay. It has the potential to effectively offload traffic from the network core. Hence, it is a very ...

E2ARC: Energy‐efficient adaptive resource block allocation with low complexity in device‐to‐device communication

“…D2D paradigm in 5G WCNs is being extensively investigated in the literature. Some of the comprehensive surveys on D2D communication are available in other works . This section states some important resource allocation algorithms in respect of latency reduction, use of sector antennas, and improving EE with optimal power.…”

“…Numerous resource allocation algorithms for D2D communication in WCNs have fossil in literature. Many of these have been stated in the works of Gandotra and Jha and Ali and Ahmad . In D2D communication underlaying WCNs, sharing of uplink (UL) resources is mostly studied in literary works, due to asymmetry in UL.…”

“…The upcoming high data rate demanding applications have laid the foundation of the fifth‐generation (5G) wireless communication network (WCNs) . These comprise a number of propitious technologies, which include massive MIMO, the Internet of Things (IoT), device‐to‐device (D2D) communication, and many others, apprehending smart networking. These support different application sectors including smart health, smart agriculture, smart factories, and vehicle‐to‐vehicle communication.…”

Social‐Aware Device‐to‐Device Offloading Based on Experimental Mobility and Content Similarity Models

“…The computing and communications capabilities and the user-friendly interfaces of smartphones are facilitating the creation and sharing of content between devices without relying on existing wireless infrastructure, such as WiFi access points or cellular base stations [1][2][3]. Data sharing over device-to-device (D2D) links has been shown to provide a multitude of performance gains in terms of throughput and spectral efficiency enhancement [4][5][6], energy consumption reduction [7][8][9][10], and end user cost savings and incentives [11][12][13].…”

Self-organized energy efficient channel assignment for cognitive D2D communication in 5G networks

“…Although this mode of operation eases the network management but lacks in the efficient use of network resources mainly the bandwidth and the power [1,2]. Therefore, a new idea of D2D communication has emerged in the recent years for the upcoming 5G networks.…”