Developments in Managing Flexible Risers and Pipelines, A Suppliers Perspective

Dahl, Carsten S.; Andersen, Bo Asp Moller; Gronne, Mikael

doi:10.4043/21844-ms

Cited by 9 publications

(8 citation statements)

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“…Coupons are retrieved for monitoring and examined with their patented method for evaluating the integrity of the polymer sheath [ 98 ]. The dielectric sensing technique for the degradation of polymer uses test coupons placed inside the pipe bore rather than test coupon removal, but it is under development now [ 99 ].…”

Section: Inspection and Monitoring Techniquesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Permeation Damage of Polymer Liner in Oil and Gas Pipelines: A Review

2020

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Non-metallic pipe (NMP) materials are used as an internal lining and standalone pipes in the oil and gas industry, constituting an emerging corrosion strategy. The NMP materials are inherently susceptible to gradual damage due to creep, fatigue, permeation, processing defects, and installation blunder. In the presence of acid gases (CO2, H2S), and hydrocarbons under high pressure and temperature, the main damage is due to permeation. The monitoring of possible damage due to permeation is not well defined, which leads to uncertainty in asset integrity management. Assessment of permeation damage is currently performed through mechanical, thermal, chemical, and structural properties, employing Tensile Test, Differential Scanning Calorimetry (DSC), Fourier-transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR), and Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM)/Transmission Electron Microscopy (TEM), to evaluate the change in tensile strength, elongation, weight loss or gain, crystallinity, chemical properties, and molecular structure. Coupons are commonly used to analyze the degradation of polymers. They are point sensors and did not give real-time information. Polymers are dielectric materials, and this dielectric property can be studied using Impedance Analyzer and Dielectric Spectroscopy. This review presents a brief status report on the failure of polymer liners in pipelines due to the exposure of acid gases, hydrocarbons, and other contaminants. Permeation, liner failures, the importance of monitoring, and new exclusive (dielectric) property are briefly discussed. An inclusive perspective is provided, showing the challenges associated with the monitoring of the polymer liner material in the pipeline as it relates to the life-time prediction requirement.

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Section: Inspection and Monitoring Techniquesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Permeation Damage of Polymer Liner in Oil and Gas Pipelines: A Review

2020

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“…[15].) A fractured tensile armouring wire would locally show zero stress, only to be reengaged in play a few pitch lengths away by friction.…”

Section: Monitoring/ Inspection Taskmentioning

confidence: 99%

Integrity Management of Flexible Pipe: Chasing Failure Mechanisms

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2012

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Integrity management of flexible pipe has been a tenuous undertaking ever since flexible pipe was introduced, notwithstanding the substantial effort that has since been devoted to develop inspection and monitoring techniques. This is partly because flexible pipe as a composite structure has many failure processes and some of them are deeply buried. It is partly because the application boundaries are ever advancing and new failure modes manifest themselves. The paper examines some of the new failure mechanisms, such as those associated with gas applications at high pressure, temperature and velocity (erosion, Flow Induced Pulsations, PVDF applications near the design limits.) It further examines the current understanding of the risks that needs to be managed and what the means are to fulfill this task. These means start with standards and proper design specification, continue with the requirements of QA/ QC during manufacturing, monitoring and inspection during installation and finally during the service life. The safeguarding and monitoring methods and inspection techniques that significantly reduce the risk are discussed and so are the gaps that remain. Inspection only reduces the risk if the results can be interpreted well and the resulting course of action is clear. Corrosion and corrosion-fatigue of the steel reinforcing are highly uncertain processes, however. The consequences of this are treated. Finally, Life Time Extension (LTE) of flexible pipe is becoming topical. The paper addresses what should be demonstrated during LTE, what can be demonstrated and how any gaps should be addressed.

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“…Determination of whether the annulus is flooded or not has been attempted in different manners, i.e. through the positive pressure or the vacuum tests, visual or ultrasonic inspection, or by fiber optics sensing [13][14][15]. The positive pressure and the vacuum tests require vents that connect to the annular region; often these tests do not produce accurate results or cannot be performed due to operational issues (i.e.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…However, the surface must be clean to allow sensor coupling, and the complex geometry of the structure can lead to misleading results. Distributed-sensing fiber optics systems are based on the presumption that cold sea water entering the structure may lead to a measurable temperature difference [13,15]. However, issues have been identified relating to loss of continuity of the optical fiber (which is inserted within the armor wires, along the structure) due to ruptures caused by the high mechanical loads involved in installation and operation, and to the fact that the temperature difference may be negligible and that temperature equilibrium may be achieved before detection is possible [13].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

RFID wireless system for detection of water in the annulus of a flexible pipe

et al. 2020

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Corrosive environments are responsible for the highest degree of degradation and failure in marine structures. The presence of sea water in marine structures such as flexible pipes can cause a significant reduction in their operational life, especially when associated with permeated gases, which could lead to corrosion related failure mechanisms such as corrosion-fatigue and hydrogen cracking. The ingress of sea water into flexible pipes can occur either due to ruptures in their external polymeric sheath or to permeation of condensed water from the pipe bore. This event since flooding of the so-called annular space of flexible pipes is the trigger for all knows corrosion assisted failure modes, it is clear that a system that is able to reliably detect the presence of water in the structure is highly desirable. This work will describe a radio frequency identification (RFID) system designed for this purpose; it relies on the measurement of shifts in the resonance frequency of specially-designed tags which would be inserted within the layers of the flexible pipe during manufacturing. This paper shows the design and validation process of these tags and also of a reader which is meant to be scanned along the outside surface of the pipe by a remotely-operated vehicle (ROV). The study was performed through a finite element analysis and a test in which the tags were inserted within a full-scale mock-up of a flexible riser, which was then flooded with synthetic seawater. Results show that the shift in response due to sea water is clearly identifiable and distinguishable from other effects.

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Developments in Managing Flexible Risers and Pipelines, A Suppliers Perspective

Cited by 9 publications

References 0 publications

Permeation Damage of Polymer Liner in Oil and Gas Pipelines: A Review

Permeation Damage of Polymer Liner in Oil and Gas Pipelines: A Review

Integrity Management of Flexible Pipe: Chasing Failure Mechanisms

RFID wireless system for detection of water in the annulus of a flexible pipe

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