RFID wireless system for detection of water in the annulus of a flexible pipe

Abstract

Corrosive environments are responsible for the highest degree of degradation and failure in marine structures. The presence of sea water in marine structures such as flexible pipes can cause a significant reduction in their operational life, especially when associated with permeated gases, which could lead to corrosion related failure mechanisms such as corrosion-fatigue and hydrogen cracking. The ingress of sea water into flexible pipes can occur either due to ruptures in their external polymeric sheath or to permeation of condensed water from the pipe bore. This event since flooding of the so-called annular space of flexible pipes is the trigger for all knows corrosion assisted failure modes, it is clear that a system that is able to reliably detect the presence of water in the structure is highly desirable. This work will describe a radio frequency identification (RFID) system designed for this purpose; it relies on the measurement of shifts in the resonance frequency of specially-designed tags which would be inserted within the layers of the flexible pipe during manufacturing. This paper shows the design and validation process of these tags and also of a reader which is meant to be scanned along the outside surface of the pipe by a remotely-operated vehicle (ROV). The study was performed through a finite element analysis and a test in which the tags were inserted within a full-scale mock-up of a flexible riser, which was then flooded with synthetic seawater. Results show that the shift in response due to sea water is clearly identifiable and distinguishable from other effects.

Analysis of Data Reception in the Communication Layer Applied to an Architecture of Mobile Sensor Networks in Marine Environments

“…Analysis was carried out to determine whether the particles of the aquatic environment at the proposed frequency allow for the passage of a signal. This scenario was implemented using Algorithm 1, in which the penetration depth of frequencies ranging from 0 to 10 GHz is obtained, considering the characteristics of the environment with average conductivity values in the sea of , the relative permittivity of 81, and relative permeability of 0.999991 [ 24 ].…”

Design of Athlete’s Running Information Capture System in Space-Time Domain Based on Virtual Reality

“…In addition, the RFID system inevitably has to consider the signal collision problem of multiple tags entering the reading area at the same time, and the nRF24LE1 integrates the carrier monitoring function, which can accurately monitor whether the current working channel has interference. erefore, the system chooses nRF24LE1 as the core chip, which can not only meet the requirements of low cost, low power consumption, high integration, and high performance, but also enhance the system's ability to prevent collisions and identify moving targets [13,14].…”

A contactless characterization of CNT/Epoxy nanocomposites behavior under acid exposure

“…On the other hand, chipless technologies such as passive RFID and NFC could be potentially deployed in chemical facilities [27][28][29][30][31]. The implementation of RFID technologies as a means of sensing has seen increasing use in food safety [32][33][34][35][36][37][38][39], environmental pollution [40][41][42][43][44], healthcare [45][46][47][48][49] and SHM applications [50][51][52][53][54]. The tags are modified or entirely constructed with composite materials.…”

“…Mainly because the behaviours of composite materials under acid attack and the influence on the wireless signal have yet to be explored. Dielectric material characterization is often measured using Vector Network Analyzer using probes, waveguides, and antennas [18,29,53,55]. Wireless characterization could be obtained through the employment of horn antennas, helical antennas, and patch antennas.…”