Developmental Study of Short-Term Memory Characteristics for Kinesthetic Movement Information

Ashby, Alan A.

doi:10.2466/pms.1983.57.2.649

Cited by 13 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 1 publication

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“…by comparison with other modalities such as touch and visios it was concluded from these experiments that kinaesthetic development occun at a relatively older age. This finding is in agreement with other developmental studies using passive movement tasks which have found greatest at least 7 years of age (Ashby, 1983;Henderson & Duncornbe, 1982). Other studies which have used active movement tasks (movements initiated and guided by the subject) have indicated a slightly earlier acquisition of kinaesthetic sensitivity (Elliott, Comlly, & Doyle, 1988; Hoare & Larkin, 1991;Smothergill.…”

supporting

confidence: 93%

Testing kinaesthetic acuity in preschool children

Livesey

Parkes

1995

Australian Journal of Psychology

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Attempts to dauibc the kinatstbctic d e v d o p n t of young children have ban limited by the use of trdo which ue desigocd for OldalAldrm dinappropnrte ' fortutingthoseofprrJchoolage.Atask r m~~c of I 3to Qyar-old group compared with that of a 5 to dycar-old p u p . The task involved a passive hnd movement to 1 of 16 positions With the hand hidden from the child's view, tlle child identifying the position to which tbeirhnnd had kxn moved by 8 vabal nsponse (naming the aaimal picrund at that loution). The results indicated tbat children as young 1s 3 yean of age have considarbk kinaes tbctic sensitivity. and that by 5 to 6yean theabilitytolltilisekimatb& 'c cues to identify hiad position is very goo6 The older p p pafonned significantly bctta than UIC younger group. A sex diffmncc in kinresthetic acuity at 3 to 4 years of age was also revuled, with boys of this age performing more accurately than girls. This difference was not evident in children of 5 to 6 yean of age. designed spodfidy to ttStkiIuuh& 'c acuity in pruchool aged children was developed and the pator-Kinauthjia is the sense of movement and position. This sense arises from a number of kinaesthetic receptors which include muscle spindks, tendon organs. joint receptors, md skin lccep tors, dl of which contribute to the global &on of k i n a a hsis (Mccloskey, 1978). Kinacsthcsl 'a has been &bed a role in the learning and performance of motor tasks but, as pointed out by Laszlo md B h w (1983). the contribution of this modality has been neglected in comparison to the visual, auditory and tactik &tics.Consequently, little is known of the maturat i d changes in kinaestbesis.An attempt to cOmct this situation was made by Laszlo and BairJtow (1980BairJtow ( , 1983BairJtow ( . 1985 using their Kinautheb 'c Sensitivity. evidence presented by Bairstow and Laszlo (1981) that angle Address for conespondence: Dr David Livesey, aparbnmt of Psyddogy, The W s i t y of S-y. NSW 2006, Aust~alia. krstrdian kumd of psychokgy V d 47, No. 3.1995 pp. 160-163 Imagery, IS. 143-150. Miller. S. (1971). Visual and haptic cue utiliuton by pruchool children: The recognition of visual and haptic stimuli presented scpnratcly and togetbcr. Journal OfErpCrimenrai ChildPsychology, 12.88-94. Milla. S. (1972). Thc development of visual aad -tic judgements of Newcombe, N. (1982). Sex-rrlwd diffcrcnca in spatial ability: Problems and gap in cumnt appropches. In M. Potegal (Ed.), Spatial abilities: Developmental a d physiological fo&tionr. New Yo&. Academic Rcu. Smothergill. D.W. (1973). Accumcy and variabiility in tbc localisation of spatial tagas Y thra age levelr. Developmental Psychfogy, 8,6246. Von Hofstcn, C.. & Rosblad, B. (1988). The intcgrPtion of sensory informtion in the development of prccisc manual pointing. Neuropsyhologia 26,805-821. Research 2. 131-144. Developmental Medicine and Child Neurology, 33.61 1-678. Ethic and sex diffemce~. British JOUrnalof P~h o l o g y , 70,351-365. dim=. Britirh J o W of Prychol~gy, 63,271-282.

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supporting

confidence: 93%

Testing kinaesthetic acuity in preschool children

Livesey

Parkes

1995

Australian Journal of Psychology

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“…This method has been repeatedly used in a number of other studies, and is well established (e.g. Townsend & Ashby, 1983). To remove outliers, responses with reaction times more than two SDs from the mean of that particular condition (for that subject) were removed from the analysis.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Contrasting early visual cortical activation states causally involved in visual imagery and short‐term memory

Cattaneo

Vecchi

Pascual‐Leone

et al. 2009

Eur J of Neuroscience

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Whether visual imagery and visual short-term memory (STM) share the same neural resources, and the extent to which the early visual cortex (V1/V2) is involved in these processes, has been the subject of much debate. Here, we used transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) in two separate experiments to contrast the neural states associated with visual imagery and visual STM in the early visual cortex. In Experiment 1, we investigated V1/V2 activation states at the end of the retention phase in a visual imagery and a visual STM task. V1/V2 TMS facilitated performance in both tasks; the finding that imagery and STM interacted with TMS in the same way suggests that the two processes have similar effects on early visual cortical excitability. In Experiment 2, we investigated V1/V2 activation states at the beginning of the retention phase. V1/V2 TMS impaired performance in the visual STM task, whereas it had no effect on the imagery task. Taken together, our findings show that the late phases of the early visual cortical activation state associated with visual imagery and visual STM are similar; differences between the two processes are apparent in the early phases of the tasks. Our results also suggest that the causal role of the early visual cortex in visual STM includes both the initial translation of the visual input into working memory and the subsequent maintenance of the mental representation. Finally, our findings indicate that visual STM sensory recruitment in working memory might act via excitability modulation of V1/V2 neurons.

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“…Although previous investigation on mental imagery has principally concentrated on adult athletes, fewer studies have examined the young athlete population. Ashby (1983) have showed that imagery ability does not grow completely until 7 years of age. Parker and Lovell (2009) discovered high improvement in imagery ability in athletes between 7 and 17 years of age.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Mental Imagery Skills in Competitive Young Athletes and Non-athletes

et al. 2020

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Mental imagery is a fully immersive multi-sensory procedure that associates as numerous senses to create a mental image and process it without the presence of external stimuli. In the sport situation, imagery has been designated as the state in which people imagine themselves while effecting abilities to deal with the forthcoming duty or improve performance. Methodical analyses have revealed that imagery increases performance in motor tasks. This study aims at observing not the vividness of image but the cognitive abilities useful for the inspection, maintenance, generation, and manipulation of dissimilar classes of images, investigating modifications in mental imagery skills in competitive athletes and non-athletes. Participants were competitive athletes (n = 48) and non-athletes (n = 48) between the ages of 8 and 13 years (M age = 10.50, SD = 1.73). The athletes had a minimum of 5 years of training skill in the sport. They completed the Mental Imagery Test (MIT). Competitive athletes showed higher scores on mental imagery skills than non-athletes. The study contributed to increase the exploration in the definite area of mental imagery, supplying an added support for the pluridimensional nature of mental imagery and for its practicality in motor and sport sciences.

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Developmental Study of Short-Term Memory Characteristics for Kinesthetic Movement Information

Cited by 13 publications

References 1 publication

Testing kinaesthetic acuity in preschool children

Testing kinaesthetic acuity in preschool children

Contrasting early visual cortical activation states causally involved in visual imagery and short‐term memory

Mental Imagery Skills in Competitive Young Athletes and Non-athletes

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