Developmental Influences of Attitudes and Beliefs on Adolescents' Smoking

Wang, Min Qi; Fitzhugh, Eugene C.; Cowdery, Joan E.; Trucks, Joan

doi:10.2466/pr0.1995.76.2.399

Cited by 11 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 2 publications

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“…Boys were induced to start smoking by older brothers, and girls were induced to start smoking by older sisters. These findings are consistent with cross‐sectional evidence showing the same gender specificity: boys’ smoking status was associated only with older brothers’ smoking, and girls’ smoking status was associated only with older sisters’ smoking (e.g., Wang et al, 1995).…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 88%

“…Review of existing evidence If health beliefs are causes of smoking onset, then people who smoke should, on average, believe that smoking is less risky than people who do not smoke. And indeed, many studies show that, as compared to people who do not smoke cigarettes, people who do smoke are less likely to believe that smoking causes health problems for people in general (e.g., Bauman & Chenoweth, 1984;Benthin, Slovic, & Severson, 1993;Grønhaug & Kangun, 1979;Halpern & Warner, 1994;Hansen & Malotte, 1986;Harrison et al, 1996;Loken, 1982;Murray, Prokhorov, & Harty, 1994;Reppucci, Revenson, Aber, & Reppucci, 1991;Swinehart, 1966;Wang, Fitzhugh, Cowdery, & Trucks, 1995;Williams & Clarke, 1997; for a review, see Weinstein, 2001). And Chassin, Corty, Presson, Olshavsky, Bensenberg, and Sherman (1981) and Presson et al (1984) found that people who believed that smoking has less adverse impact on health were more likely to say they intended to smoke cigarettes in the future.…”

Section: Throat Cancer Harmful To Healthmentioning

confidence: 99%

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The Effects of Beliefs About the Health Consequences of Cigarette Smoking on Smoking Onset

Krosnick

Chang²,

Sherman

et al. 2006

Journal of Communication

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Nearly all Americans now recognize that smoking causes lung cancer and other serious diseases; however, cigarette smoking has not yet been eradicated in this country. This might be taken as evidence that beliefs about the health risks of smoking do not influence smoking onset or quitting. In this paper, we report new evidence that perceiving smoking to entail greater health risks reduces the likelihood that a young person will begin to smoke. This evidence suggests that public health campaigns should continue to focus on this theme to bolster resistance to smoking onset among young people.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 88%

Section: Throat Cancer Harmful To Healthmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Effects of Beliefs About the Health Consequences of Cigarette Smoking on Smoking Onset

Krosnick

Chang²,

Sherman

et al. 2006

Journal of Communication

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“…Payoffs for risky behavior were perceived to include pleasure and material gain. Adolescent smokers have been found to be more likely than adolescent nonsmokers to believe that cigarette smoking helps people relax, reduces stress, and relieves boredom (Wang et al 1995). A study of male navy recruits, conducted one year after they joined the navy, pointed out that, even as adolescents grow to early manhood, their beliefs about the benefits of smoking do not drastically change (Cronan, Conway, and Kaszas 1991).…”

Section: Prior Beliefs About the Dangers And Advantages Of Smokingmentioning

confidence: 99%

Factors that Influence Adolescents to Smoke

Smith

Stutts

1999

Journal of Consumer Affairs

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Predictor variables previously examined in separate studies (prior beliefs, peer pressure, family smoking, advertising, and antismoking information) were combined in a single study, surveying 246 adolescents. The variables were found to be significant predictors of smoking level, but the importance of each predictor varied by grade level, gender, and ethnicity. Overall, family smoking behavior, peer pressure, and prior beliefs were more important in predicting smoking level than were advertising and antismoking information. Public policy implications are discussed. U.S. tobacco companies, especially R. J. Reynolds Tobacco (RJR), have faced and are currently under charges that they intentionally target adolescents as young as fourteen in their advertising campaigns. From 1973 to 1990 R. J. Reynolds produced internal corporate communications and marketing actions that focused on persuading young people to smoke RJR brands, including Camel and Winston, according to a government probe (Mintz and Tony 1998). This finding, among other charges, led the U.S. Government to pursue and settle a lawsuit against tobacco companies. In addition, lawsuits by individual states have been filed to recoup billions of dollars in medical costs to treat tobacco-related diseases. The states of Texas, Florida, Minnesota, and Mississippi settled lawsuits totalling $40 billion to be paid over twenty-five years (Meier 1998).One result of the recent (1998) settlement of the Government's case against tobacco companies is that the industry must pay $206 billion to forty-six states over twenty-five years to settle lawsuits, including $250 million over ten years to study ways to reduce teen smoking and to meet strict goals for reducing smoking in the U.S. The settlement eliminates billboard ads and brand names in sports stadiums. The tobacco industry is also prohibited from using cartoon characters in tobacco ads, from selling apparel and merchandise with brand name logos, and from placing

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“…Higher levels of chronic psychological distress were also associated with higher smoking rates. Similarly, Wang, Fitzhugh, Cowdrey and Trucks (1995) administered a survey instrument assessing smoking behavior, and beliefs and attitudes about smoking to almost seven-thousand adolescents aged between 14 and 18 years. Across all age groups smokers tended to report that smoking helps people to relax, and to reduce stress and boredom.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Predictors of Adolescent Smoking

Barber¹,

Bolitho²,

Bertrand³

1999

Journal of Social Service Research

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One thousand nine hundred and forty-two junior and senior high school students completed a self-report survey instrument containing measures of cigarette smoking and selected intrapersonal, peer pressure and family functioning variables. Results revealed that peer pressure was significantly associated with smoking behavior across all age × gender cohorts, but that intrapersonal factors were significantly more important to the smoking behavior of 12-13 year-old girls than same-age boys. Within the 14-15 year-old age group, one peer pressure variable (friends' approval of smoking) emerged as a significantly more important predictor of girls' than boys' smoking. Taken together, results suggest that while smoking prevention programs based on social reinforcement principles may be sufficient for adolescent boys, young adolescent girls are likely to benefit from programs which incorporate both peer resistance training and developmental strategies targeting conduct disorder. [Article copies available for a fee fromThe Haworth Document Delivery Service: 1-800-342-9678.

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Developmental Influences of Attitudes and Beliefs on Adolescents' Smoking

Cited by 11 publications

References 2 publications

The Effects of Beliefs About the Health Consequences of Cigarette Smoking on Smoking Onset

The Effects of Beliefs About the Health Consequences of Cigarette Smoking on Smoking Onset

Factors that Influence Adolescents to Smoke

The Predictors of Adolescent Smoking

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