Developmental Dynamics of Forage Chicory

Clapham, William M.; Fedders, James M.; Belesky, D. P.; Foster, Joyce G.

doi:10.2134/agronj2001.932443x

Cited by 15 publications

(21 citation statements)

References 21 publications

(35 reference statements)

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“…In 2001, Pennlate orchardgrass was ready to be grazed on 7 May, 30 d earlier than the previous year, allowing for a longer grazing season (151 d in 2001 vs. 108 d in 2000) with five grazing cycles despite lower rainfall (Table 5). Puna chicory seemed to have a slower rate of growth after wintering, which could be caused either by a higher basal temperature (Clapham et al, 2001) or a greater vernalization requirement. In both study years, the Puna chicory paddocks were not ready to be grazed until the end of May, which in 2001, a dry year, resulted in one less harvest cycle than in 2000.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Productivity of Chicory and Plantain Cultivars under Grazing

2004

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in 1985 and has been frequently used in the USA where good summer productivity has been reported (Jung et The bimodal distribution of growth of cool-season grass species Volesky, 1996). Chemical analyses indicate generates an imbalance in the amount of forage available during the summer, which could be improved by using alternative forage species.that Puna chicory is a high quality feed, and animal Several chicory (Cichorium intybus L.) and plantain (Plantago performance tests suggest that high liveweight gains and lanceolata L.) cultivars were evaluated for such purpose and convoluntary feed intake are obtainable in deer (Cervus trasted against 'Pennlate' orchardgrass (Dactylis glomerata L.) under elaphus), sheep (Ovis aries), and cattle (Bos taurus) different grazing strategies in two experiments during 3 yr. In Exp. 1, (Rumball, 1986; Kusmartono et al., 1996;Barry, 1998). 'Grasslands Puna' chicory and Pennlate orchardgrass achieved similar Plantain (a.k.a. English plantain, narrow-leaf plandry matter (DM) yields during spring (6500 vs. 7250 kg DM ha Ϫ1 , tain, buckhorn plantain, ribwort, and ribgrass) has a respectively) and summer (3350 vs. 3900 kg DM ha Ϫ1 , respectively). broad distribution in grasslands throughout the temper-Between plantain cultivars, yields similar to Pennlate orchardgrass ate world (Fraser and Rowarth, 1996), and naturally were achieved by 'Grasslands Lancelot' (7350 kg DM ha Ϫ1 ) in spring occurring populations of plantain appear to have considand by 'Ceres Tonic' (3150 kg DM ha Ϫ1 ) in summer. Grazing every 3 wk vs. 5 wk reduced DM yield in summer (1650 vs. 4450 kg DM erable tolerance to drought and summer heat (Sagar and ha Ϫ1 , P Ͻ 0.001). In Exp. 2, spring DM yields of Puna chicory were Harper, 1964). Animal performance tests performed in greater than those of Pennlate orchardgrass (5750 vs. 3600 kg DM New Zealand suggest liveweight gain of lambs grazing ha Ϫ1 , average yield over years; P Ͻ 0.05). In summer, DM yield of plantain to be about 100 g animal Ϫ1 d Ϫ1 and 1 kg ha Ϫ1 Puna chicory relative to that of Pennlate orchardgrass varied between d Ϫ1 greater than that of lambs grazing ryegrass (Lolium years. Yield of Lancelot plantain decreased during 2000 and 2001 perenne) pastures (Moorhead et al., 2002). Plantain esfollowing decreases in plant density. Our results suggest that most tablishes rapidly, grows on a wide range of agricultural cultivars tested may not increase forage availability during the sumsoils, and during dry years, the species may attain DM mer, which may be related to plant density losses. Of all cultivars, yields similar to orchardgrass (Stewart, 1996). Two for-Puna chicory appeared as the most promising. Due to very low plant age cultivars are available commercially, Grasslands survival, the plantain cultivars tested may not be appropriate for perennial pastures in northeastern USA. 1200 N. Dupont Hwy., Dover, DE 19901; M.H. Hall, Crop and Soil Sci.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Productivity of Chicory and Plantain Cultivars under Grazing

2004

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“…tion during the first year in New Zealand (Li et al, Puna chicory was developed from plant populations 1997a). Controlled environment research in our laboratory has shown that cold tolerance differs among the chicory and 70% of uncut Puna chicory plants bolted during May plantain cultivars with a ranking of Puna chicory Ͼ and June in a multilocation study in West Virginia Lancelot Plantain Ͼ Tonic plantain (Skinner and Gus- (Clapham et al, 2001). Forage Feast chicwas needed for adequate herbage production because ory was developed in France (J. Baert, 2002, personal chicory compensated for some stand loss by producing communication).…”

Section: Persistence Of Plantain and Chicorymentioning

confidence: 99%

Forage Yield and Persistence of Chicory and English Plantain

Sanderson¹,

Labreveux²,

Hall³

et al. 2003

Crop Science

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ball et al., 1997). The ecology of natural populations of plantain and its biology as a weed have been investigated Graziers in the northeast USA often face forage shortages in mid- (Bassett, 1973; Kuiper and Bos, 1992). Apart from older summer. Chicory (Cichorium intybus L.) and English plantain (Plantago lanceolata L.) have been introduced in the USA as sumer-active reports in the scientific literature, the forage value of perennial herbs for pastures. We conducted two experiments at Rock plantain is relatively unknown. We have investigated Springs, PA, to evaluate chicory and plantain for yield and persistence the seedling development and establishment of plantain under clipping. 'Grasslands Puna', 'Lacerta', and 'Forage Feast' chicand found that it establishes easily from seed (Sanderson ory, and 'Ceres Tonic' and 'Grasslands Lancelot' plantain were sown and Elwinger, 2000a,b). There are some reports of mein field plots in May 1997 (Exp. 1) and 1999 (Exp. 2). Plots were cut dicinal attributes for plantain, such as anthelmintic every 3 or 5 wk in 1998 and 1999 in Exp. 1 and every 4 wk during properties, but the research is not conclusive (Knight 2000 and 2001 in Exp. 2. Dry matter yield was determined at each et al., 1996; Gustine et al., 2001). harvest. Stand densities were determined in each experiment. Forage Establishing complex pasture plant communities has Feast chicory yielded 25% less than Puna (6000 vs. 8100 kg dry matter received renewed attention (Sanderson et al., 2001). In ha Ϫ1 ; P Ͻ 0.05) in 1998, whereas yields of both cultivars were similar (P Ͼ 0.05) in 1999 and 2000. Lacerta chicory yielded 9 to 16% less New Zealand, pastures seeded with a mixture of 18 to than Puna and Forage Feast in Exp. 2. Forage Feast and Puna chicory 26 species consisting of cool-season grasses and legumes had 20 to 50% stand loss in Exp. 1 and 40 to 60% stand loss in Exp. along with several pasture herbs, including chicory and 2. Lacerta chicory lost 80% of the stand during Exp. 2. The plantain plantain, yielded more dry matter under sheep grazing cultivars yielded 6 to 14% less dry matter than Puna chicory in 1998 than did perennial ryegrass (Lolium perenne L.)-white and 33 to 39% less in 2000. Both plantain cultivars, however, suffered clover (Trifolium repens L.) mixtures (Ruz-Jerez et al., a nearly complete loss of plants during the second winter after estab-1991; Daly et al., 1996). The increased production relishment in both experiments. Ceres Tonic and Lancelot plantain are sulted from greater forage growth during the summer, not suited for the northeastern USA.contributed mainly by the forb component (mostly chicory). In Scotland, trials with several mixtures of forbs, grasses, and white clover under low-input management

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“…Harvestable DM of forage chicory depends on leaf appearance and expression. Leaf appearance is less in vegetative chicory plants than in reproductive plants; however, vegetative plants continued to form new leaves throughout the summer while reproductive plants did not and basal leaves senesced (Clapham et al. 2001).…”

Section: Leaf Appearancementioning

confidence: 99%

“…1984). Clapham et al. (2001) found established plants of forage chicory would respond as reproductive or vegetative plants for a particular growing season.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Dry‐Matter Production, Allocation and Nutritive Value of Forage Chicory Cultivars as a Function of Nitrogen

Belesky¹,

Ruckle²,

Clapham³

2004

J Agronomy Crop Science

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Forage chicory cultivars vary in origin and morphology and may respond differently to nutrient inputs because of photosynthate allocation and resource acquisition. Understanding nitrogen (N) influences on chicory seedling development and allocation of photosynthates among plant parts is important in terms of stand establishment, plant persistence, herbage production and nutritive value. We conducted experiments in the glasshouse to determine if amount (0, 50 and 100 mg N kg−1 soil) and source (ammonium nitrate or urea) of exogenous N influenced leaf dry‐matter (DM) production, N nitrate (NO3) and total non‐structural carbohydrate (TNC) allocation among roots and shoots in the chicory cultivars Forage Feast, Lacerta or Grasslands Puna. Herbage DM productivity and the ratio of energy (TNC) : protein varied among cultivars because of differential photosynthate allocation between shoots and roots, and occurred later in the growth interval when N was applied. Forage Feast, compared with the other cultivars, produced the largest roots and greatest herbage DM without added N. Leaf appearance rate in Lacerta and Grasslands Puna increased with increasing N. Instantaneous growth rates of Grasslands Puna and Lacerta at 100 N were three times that of 0 N plants. Nitrate concentrations were very high in young seedlings of all three cultivars before applying N. The findings help define application practices for these cultivars and N management practices for optimal leaf production in establishing forage chicory plants.

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Developmental Dynamics of Forage Chicory

Cited by 15 publications

References 21 publications

Productivity of Chicory and Plantain Cultivars under Grazing

Productivity of Chicory and Plantain Cultivars under Grazing

Forage Yield and Persistence of Chicory and English Plantain

Dry‐Matter Production, Allocation and Nutritive Value of Forage Chicory Cultivars as a Function of Nitrogen

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