Productivity of Chicory and Plantain Cultivars under Grazing

Abstract

in 1985 and has been frequently used in the USA where good summer productivity has been reported (Jung et The bimodal distribution of growth of cool-season grass species Volesky, 1996). Chemical analyses indicate generates an imbalance in the amount of forage available during the summer, which could be improved by using alternative forage species.that Puna chicory is a high quality feed, and animal Several chicory (Cichorium intybus L.) and plantain (Plantago performance tests suggest that high liveweight gains and lanceolata L.) cultivars were evaluated for such purpose and convoluntary feed intake are obtainable in deer (Cervus trasted against 'Pennlate' orchardgrass (Dactylis glomerata L.) under elaphus), sheep (Ovis aries), and cattle (Bos taurus) different grazing strategies in two experiments during 3 yr. In Exp. 1, (Rumball, 1986; Kusmartono et al., 1996;Barry, 1998). 'Grasslands Puna' chicory and Pennlate orchardgrass achieved similar Plantain (a.k.a. English plantain, narrow-leaf plandry matter (DM) yields during spring (6500 vs. 7250 kg DM ha Ϫ1 , tain, buckhorn plantain, ribwort, and ribgrass) has a respectively) and summer (3350 vs. 3900 kg DM ha Ϫ1 , respectively). broad distribution in grasslands throughout the temper-Between plantain cultivars, yields similar to Pennlate orchardgrass ate world (Fraser and Rowarth, 1996), and naturally were achieved by 'Grasslands Lancelot' (7350 kg DM ha Ϫ1 ) in spring occurring populations of plantain appear to have considand by 'Ceres Tonic' (3150 kg DM ha Ϫ1 ) in summer. Grazing every 3 wk vs. 5 wk reduced DM yield in summer (1650 vs. 4450 kg DM erable tolerance to drought and summer heat (Sagar and ha Ϫ1 , P Ͻ 0.001). In Exp. 2, spring DM yields of Puna chicory were Harper, 1964). Animal performance tests performed in greater than those of Pennlate orchardgrass (5750 vs. 3600 kg DM New Zealand suggest liveweight gain of lambs grazing ha Ϫ1 , average yield over years; P Ͻ 0.05). In summer, DM yield of plantain to be about 100 g animal Ϫ1 d Ϫ1 and 1 kg ha Ϫ1 Puna chicory relative to that of Pennlate orchardgrass varied between d Ϫ1 greater than that of lambs grazing ryegrass (Lolium years. Yield of Lancelot plantain decreased during 2000 and 2001 perenne) pastures (Moorhead et al., 2002). Plantain esfollowing decreases in plant density. Our results suggest that most tablishes rapidly, grows on a wide range of agricultural cultivars tested may not increase forage availability during the sumsoils, and during dry years, the species may attain DM mer, which may be related to plant density losses. Of all cultivars, yields similar to orchardgrass (Stewart, 1996). Two for-Puna chicory appeared as the most promising. Due to very low plant age cultivars are available commercially, Grasslands survival, the plantain cultivars tested may not be appropriate for perennial pastures in northeastern USA. 1200 N. Dupont Hwy., Dover, DE 19901; M.H. Hall, Crop and Soil Sci.

Forage Yield and Quality of Chicory, Birdsfoot Trefoil, and Alfalfa During the Establishment Year

“…Although that study found acceptable persistence of chicory after 3 years, and reported observations of naturalized chicory plants in the region, those results are in sharp contrast to the near complete failure of stand persistence in the present investigation. Instead, our results are more consistent with research in Pennsylvania [17] and New Zealand [18] where chicory stand losses after 1 year were as high as 50% and 33%, respectively, and up to 75% by year 4 with a 50% reduction in biomass [19].…”

“…However, our yields remained well below those from the northeastern United States, where chicory yields ranged from 6028 to 7200 kg ha -1 DM1 [28,17], and 9640 kg . ha -1 DM reported from New Zealand [19].…”

Morphological and Physiological Responses of Plantain (Plantago lanceolata) and Chicory (Cichorium intybus) to Water Stress and Defoliation Frequency

“…, Labreveux et al. ). While in Treinta y Tres, Uruguay, an area typically hotter than Palmerston North, New Zealand, Ayala et al.…”

Yield and Persistence of Forage and Root-type Chicory Cultivars

“…In other clipped‐plot research at the same location, plant density of Puna and Forage Feast decreased by 20 to 50% during the same 2‐year period, whereas plant density of Lacerta decreased 80% (13). During 2 years of grazing management in central Pennsylvania, 25 to 45% of Puna and Forage Feast plants and 84% of Lacerta plants died (8). In New Zealand, up to 33% of Puna chicory plants died in the first year of grazing (10).…”