Forage Yield and Persistence of Chicory and English Plantain

Abstract

ball et al., 1997). The ecology of natural populations of plantain and its biology as a weed have been investigated Graziers in the northeast USA often face forage shortages in mid- (Bassett, 1973; Kuiper and Bos, 1992). Apart from older summer. Chicory (Cichorium intybus L.) and English plantain (Plantago lanceolata L.) have been introduced in the USA as sumer-active reports in the scientific literature, the forage value of perennial herbs for pastures. We conducted two experiments at Rock plantain is relatively unknown. We have investigated Springs, PA, to evaluate chicory and plantain for yield and persistence the seedling development and establishment of plantain under clipping. 'Grasslands Puna', 'Lacerta', and 'Forage Feast' chicand found that it establishes easily from seed (Sanderson ory, and 'Ceres Tonic' and 'Grasslands Lancelot' plantain were sown and Elwinger, 2000a,b). There are some reports of mein field plots in May 1997 (Exp. 1) and 1999 (Exp. 2). Plots were cut dicinal attributes for plantain, such as anthelmintic every 3 or 5 wk in 1998 and 1999 in Exp. 1 and every 4 wk during properties, but the research is not conclusive (Knight 2000 and 2001 in Exp. 2. Dry matter yield was determined at each et al., 1996; Gustine et al., 2001). harvest. Stand densities were determined in each experiment. Forage Establishing complex pasture plant communities has Feast chicory yielded 25% less than Puna (6000 vs. 8100 kg dry matter received renewed attention (Sanderson et al., 2001). In ha Ϫ1 ; P Ͻ 0.05) in 1998, whereas yields of both cultivars were similar (P Ͼ 0.05) in 1999 and 2000. Lacerta chicory yielded 9 to 16% less New Zealand, pastures seeded with a mixture of 18 to than Puna and Forage Feast in Exp. 2. Forage Feast and Puna chicory 26 species consisting of cool-season grasses and legumes had 20 to 50% stand loss in Exp. 1 and 40 to 60% stand loss in Exp. along with several pasture herbs, including chicory and 2. Lacerta chicory lost 80% of the stand during Exp. 2. The plantain plantain, yielded more dry matter under sheep grazing cultivars yielded 6 to 14% less dry matter than Puna chicory in 1998 than did perennial ryegrass (Lolium perenne L.)-white and 33 to 39% less in 2000. Both plantain cultivars, however, suffered clover (Trifolium repens L.) mixtures (Ruz-Jerez et al., a nearly complete loss of plants during the second winter after estab-1991; Daly et al., 1996). The increased production relishment in both experiments. Ceres Tonic and Lancelot plantain are sulted from greater forage growth during the summer, not suited for the northeastern USA.contributed mainly by the forb component (mostly chicory). In Scotland, trials with several mixtures of forbs, grasses, and white clover under low-input management

Morphological and Physiological Responses of Plantain (Plantago lanceolata) and Chicory (Cichorium intybus) to Water Stress and Defoliation Frequency

“…Conversely, while plantain is technically taprooted, its root system is more fibrous due to a greater number of adventitious roots compared to chicory (Sanderson et al. ). Therefore, as expected in experiment 1, chicory consistently had a greater root mass and taproot diameter than plantain.…”

“…In plantain, a 5‐week defoliation interval has been shown to produce greater shoot dry matter than a 3‐week defoliation interval (Sanderson et al. , Labreveux et al. ).…”

Yield and Persistence of Forage and Root-type Chicory Cultivars

“…Rainfall in June 2001, however, was 1.7 inches greater than in 2000 and 1.4 inches greater than the long‐term average. The yields of Grasslands Puna, Forage Feast, and Lacerta were similar to those obtained in other field‐plot research at the same site (13). In that study, yields of the three forage chicory cultivars averaged 7100 lb/acre in 2000 and 4700 lb/acre in 2001.…”

Narrow‐Leaf Plantain (Plantago lanceolata L.) Selection for Increased Freezing Tolerance

“…By comparison, previous studies had shown that survival of Lancelot and Tonic plantain during the first winter following plant establishment can be relatively high but is often followed by an almost complete loss of plants after the second winter (Sanderson et al, 2003;Labreveux et al, 2004). This improved freezing tolerance occurred even when wintertime conditions resulted in only 9% plant mortality.…”

“…Sanderson et al (2003) also observed in one experiment that Lancelot had relatively good survival at 2 yr after establishment but that surviving plants were weak and contributed little to dry-matter yield. Sanderson et al (2003) also observed in one experiment that Lancelot had relatively good survival at 2 yr after establishment but that surviving plants were weak and contributed little to dry-matter yield.…”