Development of the Positive and Negative Parenting Scale (PNPS)

Ito, Hiroyuki; Mochizuki, Naoto; Tanaka, Yoshihiro; Noda, Wataru

doi:10.4992/pacjpa.77.0_1pm-069

Cited by 3 publications

(6 citation statements)

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“…Hostility showed a stronger association with negative than with positive aspects of child development. The finding that hostility was associated with negative child development is supported by previous research 22 (see also 41 ). While hostility was not associated with prosociality, permissive was negatively associated with prosocially.…”

Section: Methodssupporting

confidence: 81%

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Development of the Japanese Parenting Style Scale and examination of its validity and reliability

Okubo

Tang

Lee

et al. 2022

Sci Rep

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Parenting is an essential factor affecting child development. Therefore, several studies have focused on individual differences in parenting (i.e., parenting styles). However, there exist only a few useful scales in Japan, especially for parents who have preschool children. Therefore, a new scale for assessing parenting styles in Japan, based on the traditional theoretical framework, was developed, and examined for its validity and reliability. In Study 1, 82 original items were constructed and 1236 parents with preschool children completed these items. Next, 28 items for the Japanese Parenting Style Scale (JPSS) were selected based on factor analysis and the analyses of the graded response model. The JPSS included four factors: warmth, hostility, permissiveness, and harsh control. The results showed that each sub-scale had sufficient conceptual validity and internal consistency. In Study 2, the criterion-related validity of the JPSS was examined. A total of 1236 parents, non-participants in Study 1, completed the JPSS and other scales. The results showed sufficient criterion-related validity for the scale.

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Section: Methodssupporting

confidence: 81%

“…Despite these limitations, the JPSS is a scale with adequate reliability and validity to measure the parenting styles of Japanese parents who have preschool children. Since this scale has a small number of items compared to the existing scales 19,22 , it can be used relatively easily in practice and research. With the development of this…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Development of the Japanese Parenting Style Scale and examination of its validity and reliability

Okubo

Tang

Lee

et al. 2022

Sci Rep

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“…Parental Involvement. To assess parental involvement with adolescent children, we used the involvement subscale of the Positive Negative Parenting Scale (PNPS; Ito et al, 2014). This subscale is based on parents' self-report of the degree to which they engage in communication and shared activities with their children (e.g., "I participate in school activities, such as PTA and parents' day," "My child and I often talk about what happened at school as well as about their friends").…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Parental perception matters: Reciprocal relations between adolescents’ depressive symptoms and parental perceptions.

Ohtani¹,

Tamura²,

Sakaki³

et al. 2022

Journal of Counseling Psychology

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A large body of research has shown that parents play a vital role in the development of adolescents' depression. However, previous research has overlooked the effects of a potentially critical factor, namely, parental perceptions, and beliefs about adolescents' depression. The present study examined whether parental perceptions of an adolescent's depressive symptoms predict longitudinal changes in adolescents' symptoms (i.e., the parental perception effect). The longitudinal relationship between adolescents' depressive symptoms and parental perceptions of the adolescents' symptoms was analyzed in three independent groups of parent-adolescent pairs (in total N = 1,228). Parental perception and monitoring effects were found in Studies 1B and 2 only in the depressive mood subscale. While a decreased enjoyment subscale showed a perception effect in Study 1A, we obtained null results from other studies. We synthesized the results by applying meta-analytic structural equation modeling to obtain a more robust estimate. The analysis qualified both perception and monitoring effects in both subscales. Our results suggest that when parents believe that their adolescent child is depressed, adolescents are cognitively biased by their parental perceptions over time, resulting in more severe depressive symptoms. Public Significance StatementThis series of three two-wave studies suggests that when parents perceive their adolescent children are depressed, these perceptions may be transmitted to adolescents over time, relating to an increased depressive mood. Our results suggest that parents should avoid worrying excessively about their children's mental health.

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“…Then, they might become angry and finally blame their children. Furthermore, Egami (2020) conducted a comprehensive analysis of the intricate relationship between intensive parenting attitude and a spectrum of parenting behaviors (Ito et al, 2014), encompassing practices such as "positive responsivity, " fostering a "respect for will" (the child's autonomy), active and diligent "involvement and monitoring, " alongside tendencies toward "overprotection, " the application of "harsh discipline, " and behavioral "inconsistency. " Consequently, every factor of intensive parenting attitude affected various maternal behaviors after controlling for social support.…”

Section: Intensive Parenting and Its Impact On Mothersmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Cronbach alpha in this study was 0.73 for Essentialism (six items), 0.75 for Fulfillment (three items), 0.57 for Stimulation (four items), 0.63 for Challenging (four items), and 0.68 for Child-centered (three items). Ito et al (2014) constructed the PNPS, which consists of 35 items, divided into involvement and monitoring, positive responsivity, respect for will, overprotection, inconsistency, and harsh discipline. The PNPS is rated from 1 (not at all) to 5 (extremely).…”

Section: J-ipaqmentioning

confidence: 99%

Impact of “intensive parenting attitude” on children’s social competence via maternal parenting behavior

Egami

2024

Front. Psychol.

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“Intensive parenting” is a tendency to invest parents’ time, money, and energy in their child. This also includes some gender bias concerning a mother being the best person to primarily raise her children. Some psychology scholars have pointed out that this attitude causes much stress, anxiety, depression, and a sense of guilt among mothers. However, its effects on children have yet to be revealed using an extensive survey, and this indicates the need to investigate any possible impact of an intensive parenting attitude on children. The aim of this study was to elucidate a link between a maternal intensive parenting attitude and their children’s social competence through maternal parenting behavior. This was based on collecting data from 675 Japanese women who were mothers of preschoolers using the Japanese version of the Intensive Parenting Attitude Questionnaire, the Positive and Negative Parenting Scale, and the Strength and Difficulties Questionnaire. The results showed that the “Essentialism,” “Fulfillment,” and “Child-centered” components of intensive parenting attitude influenced the “involvement and monitoring” and “positive responsivity” of parenting behavior. Furthermore, these two parenting behaviors affected children’s prosocial behavior and hyperactivity/inattention. These findings suggest that an intensive parenting attitude has some impact on children as well as mothers, both positively and negatively, pointing to a serious effect on society.

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Development of the Positive and Negative Parenting Scale (PNPS)

Cited by 3 publications

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Development of the Japanese Parenting Style Scale and examination of its validity and reliability

Development of the Japanese Parenting Style Scale and examination of its validity and reliability

Parental perception matters: Reciprocal relations between adolescents’ depressive symptoms and parental perceptions.

Impact of “intensive parenting attitude” on children’s social competence via maternal parenting behavior

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