Development of the electrochemical scale removal technique for desalination applications

Hasson, David; Lumelsky, Victor; Greenberg, G.; Pinhas, Yosef; Semiat, Raphael

doi:10.1016/j.desal.2008.01.004

Cited by 83 publications

(23 citation statements)

References 9 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…Another consists of the existence of a limiting current density (j) beyond which the precipitation rate remains unchanged [24,25]. Thus, the application of this technique for scale control in the desalination practice needs a major system development in order to reduce the electrode area requirement and provide lower energy consumption.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Electrochemical softening of concentrates from an electrodialysis brackish water desalination plant: Efficiency enhancement using a three-dimensional cathode

Sanjuán

Benavente

García-García

et al. 2019

Separation and Purification Technology

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Please cite this article as: I. Sanjuán, D. Benavente, V. García-García, E. Expósito, V. Montiel, Electrochemical softening of concentrates from an Electrodialysis brackish water desalination plant: efficiency enhancement using a three-dimensional cathode., Separation and Purification Technology (2018), doi: https://doi. AbstractThe electrochemical softening method to remove hardness from water has not been applied in desalination practice due to a high cathodic area requirement. In this work, the use of a 3D stainless steel wool cathode is proposed to overcome this technical limitation. An extensive comparison between the 3D cathode and a 2D Ti mesh has been presented, showing higher hardness removal for the 3D one. Experiments have been conducted with waters similar to concentrates derived from a brackish water treatment by electrodialysis. In addition, the method has been proved to be efficient for different water compositions in terms of hardness, alkalinity or the presence of an antiscalant. The main influencing parameters (flow rate and current density) have been studied and it can be concluded that lower flow rates (below 1.2 L h -1 ) give rise to a better efficiencies and 100 A m -2 is the optimum current density. Moreover, the precipitate was characterised by SEM, EDX and XRD showing that Ca 2+ is removed as calcite and aragonite (CaCO 3 ), whereas Mg 2+ is precipitated as brucite (Mg(OH) 2 ).Finally, long-term experiments revealed that the 3D stainless steel cathode has a better performance than the 2D Ti mesh, but only at short times. Keywords: Electrochemical softening, hardness removal, three-dimensional electrodes, electroprecipitation, concentrate, wastewater treatment. V Volt V cell Cell voltage VMD Vacuum membrane distillation XRD X-ray diffraction Highlights  3D cathodes provide an enhancement in the electrochemical softening method. A comparison between a 2D and a 3D cathode is reported for water hardness removal. Long-term electroprecipitation experiments assess the 3D cathode behaviour with time. Water hardness is removed by precipitation of calcite, aragonite, and brucite.

show abstract

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Electrochemical softening of concentrates from an electrodialysis brackish water desalination plant: Efficiency enhancement using a three-dimensional cathode

Sanjuán

Benavente

García-García

et al. 2019

Separation and Purification Technology

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…An electrochemical cell provides an alkaline environment on the cathode surface by the hydrogen release reaction and the dissolved oxygen reduction [3] The alkaline environment promotes precipitation of the calcium hardness in the form of CaCO 3 and of the magnesium hardness in the form of Mg(OH) 2 :…”

Section: Basis Of the Electrochemical Testsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Correlation of CaCO₃induction times measured by an electrochemical technique

Zaslavschi

Hasson

Shemer

et al. 2011

Desalination and Water Treatment

Self Cite

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

ab s t r ac tInduction time data in CaCO 3 precipitation were determined by an electrochemical technique. The alkaline environment surrounding the cathode surface promotes CaCO 3 precipitation. The data were measured using simulated sea water solutions without the interfering presence of magnesium ions. The effect of current intensity on induction time was successfully correlated by a modified form of the classical nucleation equation. Data indicating the inception of precipitation by the first detectable decrease in solution concentration were also successfully correlated with a model based on population balance crystallization theory.

show abstract

“…Alkaline scale will be deposited selectively in these high-pH regions, which can be configured for easy cleaning [59]. While this mechanism would seem to be incompatible with the addition of acid to achieve a low-pH process stream, it could feasibly be considered as a pretreatment process for saline waters, although experimental work done thus far has required a period of several hours of treatment to remove more than 50% of alkaline earth ions from solution [59].…”

Section: Electrolytic Treatmentmentioning

confidence: 99%

Thermal Desalination

Fellows

Al-Hamzah²

2015

Mineral Scales and Deposits

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Development of the electrochemical scale removal technique for desalination applications

Cited by 83 publications

References 9 publications

Electrochemical softening of concentrates from an electrodialysis brackish water desalination plant: Efficiency enhancement using a three-dimensional cathode

Electrochemical softening of concentrates from an electrodialysis brackish water desalination plant: Efficiency enhancement using a three-dimensional cathode

Correlation of CaCO₃induction times measured by an electrochemical technique

Thermal Desalination

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About

Development of the electrochemical scale removal technique for desalination applications

Cited by 83 publications

References 9 publications

Electrochemical softening of concentrates from an electrodialysis brackish water desalination plant: Efficiency enhancement using a three-dimensional cathode

Electrochemical softening of concentrates from an electrodialysis brackish water desalination plant: Efficiency enhancement using a three-dimensional cathode

Correlation of CaCO3induction times measured by an electrochemical technique

Thermal Desalination

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About

Correlation of CaCO₃induction times measured by an electrochemical technique