Development of Rural Areas on the Basis of «green Economy»

Abstract

The article provides a scientific and theoretical justification for the direction of sustainable development of rural areas on the basis of "green" economy. It is determined that the quantity, quality and scalability of indicators for measuring the "green" economy is still a new and narrow direction, focused mainly on the local level. With this in mind, effective and universal methods and tools (such as indicators) are needed to collect data that will help move towards a bioeconomic strategy, a green economy and a more sustainable future, including in rural areas. It is noted that a decentralized, sustainable and competitive approach to the transition to a "green economy" is based on network thinking and sustainable use of natural resources now and in the future. It is established that the concept of "green" economy is based on three paradigms: resource efficiency; ecosystem resilience; social justice. Resource efficiency is a way to achieve more from natural resources at lower cost, which increases the total economic value through more productive use of resources, taking into account their entire life cycle. The resilience of ecological systems is the number of disturbances that the system can absorb without changing areas of resilience. Stability is defined as the ability of a system to maintain its basic structure, function, and feedback. Social justice focuses on environmental, economic or social aspects. Social justice is fair access to resources and livelihoods. The main goals of the development of "green" economy for rural areas are studied: studying the potential of rural areas for food and energy production and identifying ways to convert surplus energy, food and other products into new products or services; identifying potential for synergies in the use of by-products of food production and studying their suitability for the production of other products; incompatible by-products are sent directly to production or reused as bioenergy raw materials; study the possibilities of using secondary flows (for example, processing residues) of municipal energy production, and, for example, their use as nutrients in the production of raw materials; exploring new energy sources, independent of biomass, that could be used for own energy production in rural areas (eg, solar and hydro).