Development of Poly(3-hydroxybutyrate-co-3-hydroxyvalerate) Fibers for Skin Tissue Engineering: Effects of Topography, Mechanical, and Chemical Stimuli

Abstract

Poly(3-hydroxybutyrate-co-3-hydroxyvalerate) (PHBV), a biodegradable polyester, was electrospun to form defect-free fibers with high surface-area-to-volume ratio for skin regeneration. Several parameters such as solvent ratio, polymer concentration, applied voltage, flow rate, and tip-to-target distance were optimized to achieve defect-free morphology. The average diameter of the PHBV fibers was 724 ± 91 nm. PHBV was also solvent-cast to form 2-D films, and its mechanical properties, porosity, and degradation rates were compared with PHBV fibers. Our results demonstrate that PHBV fibers exhibited higher porosity, increased ductility, and faster degradation rate when compared with PHBV 2-D films (p < 0.05). In vitro studies with PHBV fibers and 2-D films were carried out to evaluate the adhesion, viability, proliferation, and gene expression of human skin fibroblasts. Cells adhered and proliferated on both PHBV fibers and 2-D films. However, the proliferation of cells on the surface of PHBV fibers was comparable to tissue culture polystyrene (TCPS, control) (p > 0.05). The gene expression of collagen I and elastin was significantly up-regulated when compared with TCPS control, whereas collagen III was down-regulated on PHBV fibers and 2-D film after 14 days in culture. The less ductile PHBV 2-D films showed higher levels of elastin expression. Furthermore, the PHBV fibers in the presence and absence of an angiogenesis factor (R-Spondin 1) were evaluated for their wound healing capacity in a rat model. The wound contracture in R-Spondin-1-loaded PHBV fibers was found to be significantly higher when compared with PHBV fibers alone after 7 days (p < 0.05). Furthermore, the presence of fibers promoted an increase in collagen and aided re-epithelialization. Thus our results demonstrate that the topography and mechanical and chemical stimuli have a pronounced influence on the cell proliferation, gene expression, and wound healing.

The Integration of Nanotechnology and Biology for Cell Engineering: Promises and Challenges

“…Thus, the gene expression of cells in a highly cross-linked or stiff scaffold will be different from those cultured on a more flexible scaffold of the same polymer and geometry. The elastin expression of MC3T3 cells cultured on poly(hydroxy butyrate-co-hydroxy valerate) scaffolds with different stiffness was found to be higher in the stiffer scaffold, probably to offset the stiffness of the scaffold [90]. The cells cultured on static and dynamic cultures have been found to differ in their functional expression [91].…”

Multifunctional Nanofibers towards Active Biomedical Therapeutics

“…Kuppan et al [127] tried to develop growth factor loaded scaffolds. Studies have shown that growth factors help quicken the healing process.…”

Resorption Rate of Polyhydroxyalkanoatebased Scaffolds and Scaffolds With Multipotent Mesenchymal Stromal Cells

“…Вокруг всех типов имплантатов по периферии в окру-жающей фиброзно-мышечной ткани не отмече-но некрозов, кровоизлияний, гранулем и выра-женного отека. Реакция тканей на оперативное вмешательство и последующую имплантацию полимерных матриксов в общих чертах протека-ла по обычной схеме, характерной для раневого процесса и реакции на инородное тело, включая стадии травматического воспаления, образова-ния соединительной ткани, формирования и пе-рестройки рубца [6].…”

“…Данный класс полимеров характеризуется значительным разнообразием и включает в себя как моно-, так и сополимеры, которые, в свою очередь, обладают различными сроками биодеградации, физико-хи-мическими и физико-механическими свойствами [12]. Особый интерес представляет полигидрокси-бутират и полигидроксибутировалерат, нашедшие широкое применение в регенеративной медицине [6,7,8].…”