Development of piezoelectric crystal based microgravimetric immunoassay for determination of insulin concentration

Functionalization of AlN surface and effect of spacer density on Escherichia coli pili-antibody molecular recognition

“…To obtain various degrees of intentional defects of the GPTMS monolayer, the treated AlN substrates were put in 15 mL freshly prepared GPTMS solution for 1, 2, 5, 6,8,10,12,14,15,20,30 and 60 min at room temperature, followed by sonication in pure toluene and ethanol to remove excess molecules.…”

“…On the other hand, covalent coupling can provide a stable and more permanent binding of biological materials to substrates. Several approaches have been employed for chemical immobilization of proteins, including the using of bifunctional linkers, [6,7] self-assembled monolayers, [8] photoimmobilization, [9][10][11] and bioaffinity-binding proteins [12,13]. However, these techniques may affect essential functional groups on the antibody, resulting in the loss of bioactivity [14].…”

Atomic force spectroscopy-based study of antibody pesticide interactions for characterization of immunosensor surface

“…After rinsing extensively with deionized water the cantilevers were dried at 100 • C for 1 h. The probes were then covalently functionalized with either BSA-MPAD or BSA-2,4-D conjugates using ␥-aminopropyltriethoxysilane (APTES) and glutaraldehyde as described earlier (Suri et al, 1995;Suri and Mishra, 1996). Briefly, the acid treated cantilevers were immersed in a 2% solution of APTES (SIGMA) in chloroform at 60 • C for 1 h and the solvent allowed to evaporate leaving silane adsorbed onto the cantilever.…”

“…Anti-hapten antibody was immobilized on gold-coated glass using a primary layer of Protein A (SIGMA) as previously described (Suri et al, 1995). As Protein A interacts with immunoglobulin via the Fc region the antigen binding Fab fragments were free to interact with target hapten.…”

Immunosensor Technology - Principles and Applications. Immunosensor-Technologie - Grundlagen und Anwendungen

“…IgM could be detected in the range of 5-93 //g/ml; the measurements were in satisfactory agreement with an established immunodiffusion procedure. Finally, a QCM system was also applied for the determinations of insulin [69] and cortisol [70] in buffer solutions and of IgA in saliva [71].…”