“…Since then, great progress has been made in developing PDA vesicle based sensors. Sensors have also been developed that can rapidly detect cations (Kolusheva, Shahal, & Jelinek, 2000), proteins (Jung, Kim, Park, & Soh, 2010), melamine (Lee, Jeong, & Kim, 2011), bacteria toxins (Ma & Cheng, 2005), lipopolysaccharides (Rangin & Basu, 2004;Wu, Zawistowski, Ehrmann, Yi, & Schmuck, 2011) and bacteria (de Oliveira et al, 2013;Nagy et al, 2008;Silbert et al, 2006).…”